Induction of Photosynthesis in Etiolated Leaves

Gabrielsen, E. K.; Madsen, Axel; Vejlby, Knud

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1961.tb08142.x

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In higher plants, etiolatedl leaves exposed to light also experience a lag perio(l, although slhorter (about [1][2][3] Euglena. Photosynthesis has been correlated wvitlI the formation of chlorophyll a in higher plants (3,23), in particular the C677 form of chlorophyll, thought to be the chlorophyll-protein complex normally foundl in green leaves (7). This form of chlorophyll does not appear until 30 to 60 minutes after illunmination (21), so the C677 may be require(I before photosynthesis is initiated and it may also be a limiting factor in the developmental sequence.…”

Section: Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Chloroplast Development in Euglena. V. Pigment Biosynthesis, Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution and Carbon Dioxide Fixation during Chloroplast Development

1964

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Our studlies wvith Euglena (2, 6, 14, 19, 20) have suggestedl that dark-grown cells containi approximately 30 proplastids whiclh develop into about 10 chloroplasts xvhen the cells are exposed to light. The existence of these proplastids, originally inferred from studlies on ultraviolet inactivation ain(l photoreactivation of chloroplast formiiation (14, 19). was confirimie(I by fluorescence ani(I electron miiicroscopy (2, 6). Other workers have stu(lie(l some of the initial steps invTolved wvhen dlark-groxvn cells are exposed to light, suclh as the conversion of protochlorophyll to chlorophyll (17). Other studies also exist of the related problemii of the physiology of chloroplast development in highler plants (3, 7, 23, 27). Our earlier vork (20) also showed that chloroplast development in Euglena could be separated experimentally into 2 phases: replication of the system which nmanufactures the chloroplast ancI development of the proplastid into the mature chloroplast. In this study x-e correlate the onset and kinetics of pigment formlation., O. evolution and COi. fixation with the developmilenit of the proplastid inito the mature chloroplast. Materials and Methods GroTl/t of Euglenia. Euigleina gracilis var. bacillaris Prinlgslheim (14) xv-as maintained aseptically in the (lark at 250, for 1 year in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containiing 100 ml of Hutner's meclium pH 3.5 (10) xvith 5-ml transfers every 3 days. The starting culture wN-as a dark-grown stock maintainedl in our laboratory for over 2 years (14). The imiiportance of prolonged dark groxvtlh to entirely deplete chlorophyll and chloroplast structures has been repeatedly emlphasized (14, 17); our dark-grown cells contain protochlorophyll ancI proplastids and lack chloroplasts and chlorophyll completely. All manipulations xvere carried out under a green safelight in a (larkroolmi as described I)reviously (14).

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Section: Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Chloroplast Development in Euglena. V. Pigment Biosynthesis, Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution and Carbon Dioxide Fixation during Chloroplast Development

1964

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“…Oxygen uptake and CO; production during irradiation of dark grown leaves have been described by Gabrielsen et al (1961) and recently by Redlinger and McDaniel (1978) in connection with pigment changes in the system. The reaction kinetics for the photodecomposition of Chlide and PChlide indicate that a greater number of reactive single oxygen molecules are generated than are consumed by the pigment (Axelsson 1974(Axelsson , 1976.…”

Section: Oxygen Uptake During Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of them are most likely induction phenomena involved in the development ofthe photosynthetic system. A correlation between the photodecomposition of pigments and the uptake of oxygen during irradiation of dark grown leaves or etioplast has been suggested by Gabrielsen et al (1961) and Redlinger and McDaniel (1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photodecomposition has been suggested to involve a photo-oxidative step (Sironval and Kandler 1958) as the process did not take place under anaerobic conditions. Oxygen consuming processes occurring during irradiation of etiolated leaves or etioplast preparations have been demonstrated (Gabrielsen et al 1961, Redlinger and McDaniel 1977, Sellden and Selstam 1976. Some of them are most likely induction phenomena involved in the development ofthe photosynthetic system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen Consumption Stimulated by δ‐Aminolevulinic Acid in Darkness and during Irradiation of Dark Grown Wheat Leaves

Carlsson

Sundqvist

1979

Physiologia Plantarum

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Dark grown wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Starke II Weibull), treated with δ‐aminolevulinic acid in darkness, showed an increased oxygen uptake as measured by a Warburg method. The production of CO2 was also increased in darkness, giving an RQ ≅ 1. The increased respiration was dependent on the treatment time as well as on the concentration of the δ‐aminolevulinic acid. Potassium cyanide suppressed both the normal and the increased respiration. The treatment with δ‐aminolevulinic acid caused accumulation of high amounts of protochlorophyllide. Levulinic acid suppressed the increased oxygen uptake as well as the protochlorophyllide accumulation in δ‐aminolevulinic acid treated leaves. Irradiation rapidly decreased the protochlorophyllide content with a simultaneous increase in oxygen uptake over the dark value. The peak value of the increase in oxygen uptake was reached after about 5 min. The light induced oxygen uptake was dependent on the amount of PChlide present at the onset of irradiation. Also the CO2 production was increased during the first minutes of irradiation but soon fell under the buffer control value. Neither potassium cyanide nor heat denaturation affected the oxygen uptake in light in contrast to the effect on the CO2 production, which was blocked by heat denaturation. The increased oxygen uptake in light initially seems to be a purely photochemical process leading to a release of CO2, which release is probably an enzymatic process induced by the photo‐oxidative decomposition of pigment.

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“…Gabrielsen, et al (7) using etiolated wheat seedlings reported an in vivo photoinduced 02 uptake which began shortly after illumination and continued for 30 min at a constant rate. Other photo-related phenomena which have been investigated in etiolated tissue involve such processes as chloroplast development, photorespiration, photobreakdown of carbohydrates, and numerous phytochrome-mediated events (5,14,20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-mediated Oxygen Uptake Measured in Wheat Etioplasts

Redlinger¹,

McDaniel²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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An in vitro 02 aSSay was used to measure early response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) etioplasts to light. A transient photoinducible 02 uptake occurred when dark-grown etioplasts were initialy exposed to light. The rate of inducible 02 consumption was dependent on both the intensity of light and the quantity of organeile protein present. Higher light intensities resulted in greater 02 utilization per minute, and a greater quantity of organelle protein in the sample resulted in an increased rate of 02 uptake under the same light intensity conditions. Experiments with various plant tissues as weli as with mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors indicated that etioplasts are the organelies responsible for the photoinduced 02 uptake phenomenon. A preliminary action spectrum study revealed that wavelengths 640 to 680 nm resulted in maxmum 02 uptake. This indicated the presence of an etioplast red light receptor pigment which induces 02 uptake in etioplasts.Light-stimulated processes in dark-grown angiosperms have been studied extensively by means of pigment and spectrophotometric analyses. Shibata (16), who was the first to use intact leaves for this purpose, observed the disappearance of an in vivo absorption peak at 650 nm and the appearance of an in vivo absorption peak at 684 nm. He associated this change with the phototransformation of Pchl(ide)2 to Chl(ide). Later a more precise analysis showed that the initial optical density change involved photoconversion of Pchl(ide)-650 to Chl(ide)-678 (8,13). Smith (17,18) demonstrated that this photoconversion occurs in the isolated leaf Pchl(ide)-protein (holochrome), which has since been located in etioplasts (2, 3).Another light-induced process concerns an unknown photooxidation reaction which has been detected in studies aimed at determining induction time for photosynthesis in etiolated leaves. Gabrielsen, et al. (7) Organelle Extraction. Mitochondria were isolated by the method and media described by Bonner (4). Jacobson (10) provided the model for procedure and media by which etioplasts were initially isolated. However, in order to increase etioplast yield, Jacobson's procedure was later modified (Fig. 1). Etioplast purity was monitored by scanning numerous cross-sectioned etioplast pellets with the electron microscope. An electron micrograph of a typical etioplast fraction is shown in Figure 2. What little contamination was present consisted of approximately one mitochondrion/20 etioplasts. Etioplast fractions from both isolating procedures responded to light stimulus resulting in increased 02 uptake. The modified extraction procedure, however, yielded a pellet which produced the same light response with only half the amount of starting material used in Jacobson's original procedure. Due to the nature of these experiments where large quantities of etioplasts were required for numerous repetitions, it was more convenient to use the modified procedure.Reaction Media. Isolated organelle samples (0.4-0.8 mg/ml protein) were suspended in 2 ml of reaction med...

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Induction of Photosynthesis in Etiolated Leaves

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Studies of Chloroplast Development in Euglena. V. Pigment Biosynthesis, Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution and Carbon Dioxide Fixation during Chloroplast Development

Studies of Chloroplast Development in Euglena. V. Pigment Biosynthesis, Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution and Carbon Dioxide Fixation during Chloroplast Development

Oxygen Consumption Stimulated by δ‐Aminolevulinic Acid in Darkness and during Irradiation of Dark Grown Wheat Leaves

Light-mediated Oxygen Uptake Measured in Wheat Etioplasts

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