Induction of Ovulation*

Townsend, S. L.; Brown, Les; Johnstone, J. W.; Adey, F. D.; Evans, James H.; Taft, H. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1966.tb15531.x

Cited by 56 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The semi-automatic extractor has wider applications and is being used for the rapid extraction of pregnanediol before measurement by gas liquid chromatography. Applications of the methods to problems in obstetrics and gynae¬ cology have already been reported Townsend, Brown, Johnstone, Adey, Evans & Taft, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Rapid Method for Estimating Oestrogens in Urine Using a Semi-Automatic Extractor

Brown¹,

MacLeod²,

Macnaughtan³

et al. 1968

Journal of Endocrinology

417

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A semi-automatic extractor was developed which processes 12 urines at a time to a stage where 'total' oestrogens can be measured by colorimetry using the Kober reaction (late pregnancy urines) or by fluorimetry using the Kober\p=m-\Ittrich procedure (non-pregnancy and early pregnancy urines). One worker can complete 12 analyses in 3\ m=1/ 2\ hr. or 24\p=n-\36 in a working day. The results obtained at oestrogen levels above 1 mg./24-hr. urine were the same as those obtained by a method specific for oestriol. The results obtained from non-pregnancy urines were compared with the sums of oestriol, oestrone and oestradiol obtained by the method of Brown (1955). The mean ratio (\ m=+-\ s.d.) of the two values was 1\m=.\22 \ m=+-\ 0\m=.\31. The comparisons indicated that the short procedure was the more reliable method at levels below 5 \ g=m\ g. / 24-hr. urine. Values for normal subjects are given. The methods appear to be entirely suitable for assessing oestrogen production by the ovaries, testes, adrenals and placenta.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Rapid Method for Estimating Oestrogens in Urine Using a Semi-Automatic Extractor

Brown¹,

MacLeod²,

Macnaughtan³

et al. 1968

Journal of Endocrinology

417

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This has also been our finding, and the whole project of treating the 18 women, including the gaining of experience, the determination of the correct dosage for each woman and persisting with treatment until pregnancy resulted, has, until now, involved the expenditure of not more than 600 pituitaries and approximately 1 week's work to process them. A preliminary account of the methods used for selecting and treating the patients has been given (Townsend et al 1966). In the method for preparing HPG described here, sterility of the product has been achieved by the use of ethanol in the fractionation process, and by the final centrifugation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activity in women is of interest. In this centre, the HPG has been used to treat 18 patients with primary or secondary amenorrhoea who failed to ovulate after other forms of therapy (Townsend, Brown, Johnstone, Adey, Evans & Taft, 1966). The total dosage required to mature a follicle ready for ovulation with HCG was determined for each individual, and, in terms of glands extracted, ranged from two to ten pituitaries (mean 5-5) in 16 sub¬ jects and 17 pituitaries in the other two subjects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Gonadotrophin and Growth Hormone From Human Pituitaries for Clinical Use

Brown¹,

Catt²,

Martin³

1967

Journal of Endocrinology

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A procedure for extracting both gonadotrophin and growth hormone from acetone-dried pituitary powder in a form suitable for clinical use is described. Gonadotrophin is extracted first and fractionated by ethanolic precipitation; growth hormone is then extracted from the residues by a modification of Raben's procedure. The yields and potency of the products are given with particular emphasis on their activities in man. The economy of the preparation of gonadotrophin and growth hormone from human pituitaries is discussed.

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“…Following the early encouraging papers many series reporting experience with clomiphene have been published (Roy et at., 1963;Swyer, 1963;Charles et al, 1963Charles et al, , 1966Ullery, 1964;Naville et al, 1964;Kistner, 1965aKistner, , b, 1966; Vorys et at., Townsend et al, 1966;Johnson et al, 1966;Whitelaw, 1966;Bishop, 1967Bishop, , 1970Bishop, , 1972 & Osmond-Clarke, 1971). Kistner (1965b) attempted to group his anovulatory patients according to histological appearance of the endometrium-atrophic, proliferative or hyperplastic : although he reported success in all groups, the proliferative endometrium group seemed to do best.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Antioestrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioestrogens: A Review

Lunan¹,

Klopper²

1975

Clinical Endocrinology

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Antioestrogens are a group of compounds which are at present attracting much attention both in scientific research and in clinical practice. The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding in both fields.Definitions of an antioestrogen. In the broadest sense, an antioestrogen is a substance which counteracts the activity of oestrogens (Terenius, 1974). For the purpose of this review, however, the definition will be restricted by the following considerations.(a) Direct eflect on oestrogen activity. Some substances do not counteract oestrogens directly but block subsequent events set in train by oestrogens. Hence substances which alter oestrogen response by interfering with protein or RNA synthesis in a target cell or with oestrogen metabolism in, say, the liver are not considered as antioestrogens in the context of this article. Neither is a substance which suppresses oestrogen secretion considered as an antioestrogen. Certain substances like androgens and progestogens can modify rather than counteract oestrogen effects. These substances do not interfere with oestrogen uptake by a target cell but modify the oestrogen response by stimulating other cell components (Terenius & Ljungkvist, 1972).(b) Blocking of oestrogen receptors. Antioestrogens have an affinity for the protein oestrogen-receptors in the target cell cytoplasm. Terenius (1970) has divided antioestrogens into two categories depending on the duration of receptor retention. The first group of antioestrogens is effective following systemic administration and has a sustained effect in blocking oestrogen stimulation : the second group is most effective when given locally, appears to be only transiently attached to the receptor but impedes the response to other oestrogens like oestradiol-17P (see Table 1).The scope of the review 1. Which oestrogen is blocked? Our interest is mainly in oestradiol-17P and to a lesser extent in oestradiol-17% and oestrone as these are the main gonadal oestrogens of the species

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Induction of Ovulation*

Cited by 56 publications

References 8 publications

A Rapid Method for Estimating Oestrogens in Urine Using a Semi-Automatic Extractor

A Rapid Method for Estimating Oestrogens in Urine Using a Semi-Automatic Extractor

Preparation of Gonadotrophin and Growth Hormone From Human Pituitaries for Clinical Use

Antioestrogens: A Review

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