Induction of embryogenesis from isolated apple microspores

Isolation and culture of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) microspores and pollen grains

“…Multicellular structures similar to those already recorded in B5 and MS media were also observed. Typical embryogenic events were observed in the PTA-15 modified medium, including enlargement of the microspore size (Sangwan and Norrel, 1975;Höfer et al, 1999) and multicellular pollen grain formation (Fig. 3b).…”

“…Due to the lack of intercellular adhesion, few microspores bursted during this step. Magnetic stirring was also suitable to isolate Oryza sativa (Cho and Zapata, 1990) and Malus domestica (Höfer et al, 1999) microspores. According to our previous observations, the microspores of the soybean cultivars tested in the present study presented an average diameter of 25 µm.…”

“…After three washes, the suspension presented suitable quality to establish cultures. The same number of washes was used to isolate microspores in Zea mays (Huang and Keller, 1989;Pretová et al, 1993), Brassica species (Huang and Keller, 1989;Barro and Martín, 1999;Dias, 1999) and Malus domestica (Höfer et al, 1999). The technique described here allowed the establishment of suspensions containing microspores and pollen grains.…”

Elucidating Cultivar Differences in Plant Regeneration Ability in an Apple Anther Culture

“…Hidano et al (1994) conducted anther cultures using 32 cultivars, and reported that 'Beauty of Bath', 'Monroe', 'Orei', and some 'Delicious' strains showed a high embryo formation rate. Höfer et al (1999) and Höfer (2004) obtained fertile plants from anther and microspore cultures of 'Rene' and 'Alkmene'. Kadota et al (2002) obtained regeneration shoots from 'Fuji', 'Himekami', 'Kotoku', 'Starking Delicious' ('SD'), and 'Tsugaru', but only 'SD' grew into plantlets.…”

Pathways to Microspore Embryogenesis

“…1). The latter is particularly frequent in species like apple (Höfer et al 1999). In Brassica such embryos can be rescued by an ABA treatment (Hansen 1994).…”