Elucidating Cultivar Differences in Plant Regeneration Ability in an Apple Anther Culture

Abstract

To select cultivars to produce doubled haploids (DHs) efficiently in an anther culture, a total of 28 apple cultivars (25 cultivars and 3 rootstock cultivars) were investigated to assess their callus formation rate, embryo formation rate, shoot formation rate from embryo, and efficiency of shoot multiplication and acclimatization.

Plant regeneration from apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) anther culture-derived embryos

“…The data for 'ASP', 'Senshu' and'SD' from 2009-2011 are shown in a previous report (Zhang et al, 2017). 'ASP' showed the highest embryo formation rate, with an average rate over three years of 14.4%.…”

“…In our previous experiments (Zhang et al, 2013(Zhang et al, , 2017, the ability to induce embryos from anthers depended mostly on the applied cultivar. This study revealed that the genotypes also played an important role in the process of plant regeneration from apple anther culture-derived embryos.…”

“…The cultivars 'ASP', 'SD' and 'Danxia' showed the highest rates of embryo induction, followed by 'Senshu', with approximately 2.43%, and 'Fuji' and 'Gala', each with less than 2% (Table 1). The regeneration rates from embryo to shoot of 'Danxia', 'Gala' and 'Senshu' were all more than 20%; however, the rates of 'ASP' and 'SD' were 1.55% and 5.22%, respectively (Zhang et al, 2017). Consequently, the total efficiency from anthers to shoots of 'Danxia' was 2.33%, followed by 'Gala' with approximately 0.35% (Table 1).…”

“…Consequently, the total efficiency from anthers to shoots of 'Danxia' was 2.33%, followed by 'Gala' with approximately 0.35% (Table 1). 'Fuji', 'Senshu', 'SD' and 'ASP' had efficiencies of 0.30%, 0.30%, 0.27% and 0.25%, respectively (Zhang et al, 2017).…”

“…The cultures were incubated in the dark at 25 °C. The compositions of the embryo induction medium and the anther culture were identical to those reported previously (Zhang et al, 2013(Zhang et al, , 2017. The embryos were counted after being transferred to the other medium for cold treatment.…”