Indoor PM_2.5Concentrations in Different Sizes of Pubs with Non-comprehensive Smoke-free Regulation

Abstract

Objectives: The Korean government implemented a smoke-free regulation for pubs with a net indoor area of ≥100 m 2 on January 1, 2014. The purpose of this study was to determine the indoor levels of concentrations of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM 2. 5) in implemented and non-implemented pubs in Seoul and Changwon. concentrations was observed in implemented and non-implemented pubs with smokers. Strict implementation of the regulation in all pubs is needed for better indoor air quality.

Evaluation of Indoor ETS Exposure Levels in Pubs, PC Game Rooms, and Billiards Halls around a University Campus using PM2.5 Concentrations

“…한편 약 6,000여 종의 많은 화학물질로 구성된 ETS의 공기 중 농도를 측정하고 평가하기 위해서 지표물질에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어졌다 (Fu et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2015). Ⅱ.…”

Characteristics of Ets Exposure in Internet Cafes, Pubs, and Pool Halls Around a University Campus

“…The mean concentration of pool hall was the highest, but the highest concentration of 291.9 μg/m 3 was internet cafes. The distribution of PM 2.5 concentrations in pool halls was about 4.6 times higher than that in pubs, and the concentration distribution in the highest and lowest places [10]. There was a difference between the internet cafes and the pool halls in the PM 2.5 distributions in the facilities before and after the smoking cessation act.…”

“…The collected PM 2.5 concentrations were analyzed using TRAKPRO™ (version 4.6.10, TSI, USA) program. Since Sidepak is a direct-reading type instrument, the conversion factor of 0.295 [10] was used for the accuracy. As shown in Table 1, the smoking rates of the three types of facilities around a campus were 85% in the pool halls, 10% in the pubs and 65% in the internet cafes.…”

“…In the case of the pubs and the internet cafes, the smoking ban was designated as a complete smoking cessation area from January 1, 2015 through enactment of laws and regulations, and pool halls not designated as a smoking cessation area showed the highest smoking rate. The smoking rate of the pubs in Changwon was 42% in 2014 [10], before the enforcement of the smoke-free laws, but it decreased by 10% to 32% in 2015 when the law was implemented. The distributions of PM 2.5 concentrations in the indoor air of the facilities were log normal distribution by W-test (p<0.01).…”

Association between Secondhand Smoke in Hospitality Venues and Urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol Concentrations in Non-Smoking Staff

“…When more customers are present in a hospitality venue, these activities are likely to increase and, in turn, indoor PM 2.5 concentrations may be associated with customer density. A previous study reported differences between indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 concentrations in 109 bars were significantly correlated with the number of patrons (Spearman’s r = 0.197, p < 0.05) [28]. …”