Evaluation of Indoor ETS Exposure Levels in Pubs, PC Game Rooms, and Billiards Halls around a University Campus using PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations

Lee, Jae‐Hwan; Park, Donguk; Ha, Kwonchul

doi:10.15269/jksoeh.2016.26.4.411

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Data were analyzed using SPSS (SPSS, Inc.) and R version 4.0.1 (R Core Team, 2021). A study conducted in other entertainment venues (game rooms, pubs, and billiards halls) in South Korea reported lower PM 2.5 levels (averaging 29-134 μg/m 3 , Table S1) [17], while in other public places, including restaurants, bars, cafes, and smoking rooms in airport, several reports found close PM 2.5 levels to this study. For example, Prominently, the higher one (~452 μg/m 3 ) was from occupied and smoking rooms.…”

Section: Pm Measurementsupporting

confidence: 70%

Attached Smoking Room Is a Source of PM2.5 in Adjacent Nonsmoking Areas

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

Indoor Air

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The smoking ban is not working in some entertainment venues in China. PM2.5 pollution induced by cigarette smoking in these places is still unknown. In this study, we took mahjong clubs as target places, monitored the real-time PM2.5 concentration, and recorded on-site inspection information to investigate the PM2.5 pollution characteristics induced by cigarette smoking. In occupied and smoking rooms, the geomean and median values of PM2.5 concentration were 276 and 347 μg/m3. The number of smoking persons in room is the dominant factor to enhance PM2.5 levels. For each additional person smoking in the room, PM2.5 increased by 32% (95% CI: 31%, 33%). Regarding adjacent nonsmoking rooms, PM2.5 increased due to the air penetration from smoking rooms and the increase trend usually had a lag time of 20 minutes. The geomean values of PM2.5 concentrations were 109 μg/m3 in the nonsmoking and occupied rooms and 148 μg/m3 in the vacant rooms. To close the door of the room is the most effective measure to alleviate the PM2.5 penetration. The geomean values of 24-hour and annual average excess exposure concentration if spending 5 hours/day and 2 days/week in mahjong club were 32.1 and 9.2 μg/m3, respectively; both exceeded the World Health Organization’s air quality guidelines, 15 and 5 μg/m3, respectively. Our results revealed severe PM2.5 pollution and exposure risk by cigarette smoking in entertainment venues, as well as the penetration effect on adjacent nonsmoking areas. The smoking bans should be strictly enforced in entertainment venues, and the setting of smoking areas in indoor public places should be scientific to avoid diffusion into nonsmoking areas.

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Section: Pm Measurementsupporting

confidence: 70%

Attached Smoking Room Is a Source of PM2.5 in Adjacent Nonsmoking Areas

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

Indoor Air

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“…This figure is an average, however, and the figures by country vary wildly: on the lower end are the United Kingdom and Ireland, at 2.6% and 3.5% respectively; on the higher end is Greece (which legally requires restaurants to impose a total ban on smoking), where 77.7% of the participants reported seeing smokers in restaurants, suggesting a lack of enforcement of SFLs and exceedingly high SHS exposure. In a previous study measuring air quality as an index of SHS exposure, the researchers concluded that considerable harm could come from SHS exposure in Internet cafés, billiard halls, and pubs [25], drawing attention to the seriousness of SHS in such public places. be applied to workers, not to customers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the implementation of smoke-free laws and smoking culture affect exposure to tobacco smoking? Results from 3 hospitality settings in South Korea

Park¹,

Lee²,

Oh³

et al. 2021

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Evaluations on PM2.5 Concentrations and the Population Exposure Levels for Local Authorities in South Korea during 2015~2017

Son¹,

Kim²,

Bae³

et al. 2020

KOSAE

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Evaluation of Indoor ETS Exposure Levels in Pubs, PC Game Rooms, and Billiards Halls around a University Campus using PM_2.5 Concentrations

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Attached Smoking Room Is a Source of PM2.5 in Adjacent Nonsmoking Areas

Attached Smoking Room Is a Source of PM2.5 in Adjacent Nonsmoking Areas

Does the implementation of smoke-free laws and smoking culture affect exposure to tobacco smoking? Results from 3 hospitality settings in South Korea

Evaluations on PM2.5 Concentrations and the Population Exposure Levels for Local Authorities in South Korea during 2015~2017

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Evaluation of Indoor ETS Exposure Levels in Pubs, PC Game Rooms, and Billiards Halls around a University Campus using PM2.5 Concentrations

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Attached Smoking Room Is a Source of PM2.5 in Adjacent Nonsmoking Areas

Attached Smoking Room Is a Source of PM2.5 in Adjacent Nonsmoking Areas

Does the implementation of smoke-free laws and smoking culture affect exposure to tobacco smoking? Results from 3 hospitality settings in South Korea

Evaluations on PM2.5 Concentrations and the Population Exposure Levels for Local Authorities in South Korea during 2015~2017

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Product

Resources

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Evaluation of Indoor ETS Exposure Levels in Pubs, PC Game Rooms, and Billiards Halls around a University Campus using PM_2.5 Concentrations