Indicating Inconsistency of Desensitizing High Explosives against Impact through Recrystallization at the Nanoscale

Klaumünzer, Martin; Pessina, Florent; Spitzer, Denis

doi:10.1080/07370652.2016.1199610

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Higher reactivity stems from the enhanced reactivity of surface molecules compared to molecules within the bulk. 18,19 Concerning higher reactivity, Al nanoparticles are favorable when compared to their homologue micromaterial. 9,18 Surface modification through chemical functionalization obviously squeezes the PSD.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher reactivity stems from the enhanced reactivity of surface molecules compared to molecules within the bulk. , Concerning higher reactivity, Al nanoparticles are favorable when compared to their homologue micromaterial. , Surface modification through chemical functionalization obviously squeezes the PSD. For instance, x mean of pristine Al nanoparticles (170 nm) dispersed in ethanol decreases through surface functionalization to 120 nm with TODA and to 140 nm with TNP.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Functionalization and Electrical Discharge Sensitivity of Passivated Al Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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Passivated aluminum nanoparticles are surface functionalized to elucidate their sensitivity against an electrical discharge. Two size fractions that differ in surface morphology are investigated. Electronic interactions between the partly inert, partly energetic organic molecules used for surface functionalization and the alumina surface are analyzed in detail. The nanoparticle surfaces are modified with the well-established, inert 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid, whereas energetic surface modification is achieved using 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine or the acidic and aromatic 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. A mechanistic model for the chemical surface functionalization of Al nanoparticles is hypothesized and corroborated by comprehensive optical and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies. The surface structures are adjusted by developing a tunable stabilization procedure that prevents sedimentation and hence increases the saturation concentration in the liquid phase and finally affects the sensitivity character in view of electrical discharge ignition of dry powders. Detailed material characterization is conducted using transmission electron microscopy, combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and various absorption spectroscopy techniques (steady state in the infrared and ultraviolet/visible regime). The adjustment of surface structures of the distinct Al nanoparticle samples offers a valuable tool for tuning and tailoring the reactivity, sensitivity, stability, and energetic performances of the nanoparticles, and thereby enables the safe use of these multipurpose nanoparticles.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Functionalization and Electrical Discharge Sensitivity of Passivated Al Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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“…1 , the minimum sensitivity to impact is confirmed when coating the powders with a binder; however, that confirmation might reveal that the trend is more due to the intrinsic bulk properties of the particles instead of their surface. Klaumünzer et al [ 7 ] investigated the sensitization of n-RDX against impact and strongly reaffirmed that the generalization of a direct link between smaller particle and lower impact sensitivity – as seen many times in the literature – should be more forcefully addressed.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 91%

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

Pessina¹,

Spitzer²

2017

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Research efforts for realizing safer and higher performance energetic materials are continuing unabated all over the globe. While the thermites – pyrotechnic compositions of an oxide and a metal – have been finely tailored thanks to progress in other sectors, organic high explosives are still stagnating. The most symptomatic example is the longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Recent advances in crystallization processes and milling technology mark the beginning of a new area which will hopefully lead the pyroelectric industry to finally embrace nanotechnology. This work reviews the previous and current techniques used to crystallize RDX at a submicrometer scale or smaller. Several key points are highlighted then discussed, such as the smallest particle size and its morphology, and the scale-up capacity and the versatility of the process.

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“…Considerable efforts have been made worldwide on reducing the particle size of common explosives and a number of studies have found that submicron-and nano-explosives have much lower impact sensitivity when compared with conventional explosives [4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, some studies have presented opposing results, showing that reducing the particle size increases the impact sensitivity [10][11][12][13][14]. The uncertainty in the bulk density of loose powder samples used in the standard impact sensitivity test was assumed to account for this inconsistency [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties, and Impact Sensitivity of Pressed HMX-based PBX

Li¹,

Wu²,

Hua³

et al. 2019

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Indicating Inconsistency of Desensitizing High Explosives against Impact through Recrystallization at the Nanoscale

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Surface Functionalization and Electrical Discharge Sensitivity of Passivated Al Nanoparticles

Surface Functionalization and Electrical Discharge Sensitivity of Passivated Al Nanoparticles

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

Determination of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties, and Impact Sensitivity of Pressed HMX-based PBX

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