Index of Body Inflammation for Maxillofacial Surgery Purpose-to Make the Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Serum Level Independent on Patient Age

Kozakiewicz, Marcin; Trzcińska-Kubik, Magdalena; Wlazeł, Rafał Nikodem

doi:10.3390/app11031345

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similar findings were obtained by Yang et al, who reported that mean leucocyte and lymphocyte counts in the children group were both significantly higher than in adults [ 13 ]. Several recent studies have highlighted changes in the bacterial load of maxillofacial infections with age [ 31 , 33 , 34 ]. A relatively higher percentage of the younger patients had negative bacterial culture results in comparison to those in the senior group [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral and Maxillofacial Infections—A Bacterial and Clinical Cross-Section

Kamiński¹,

Błochowiak

Kołomański³

et al. 2022

JCM

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The treatment of oral and maxillofacial infections is based on a recognized algorithm that may require modification under the influence of various local and systemic factors. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive and microbiological profile of oral and maxillofacial infections, and explore possible correlations between the course of an infection and selected systemic factors based on the medical records of 329 patients affected by the disease. We identified most common clinical, demographic, bacterial, and laboratory parameters specific for these infections. There were statistically significant differences in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, number of accompanying diseases, otalgia, dyspnea, and speech difficulties occurrence and neck space involvement between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The duration of hospitalization and accompanying diseases correlated positively with the patient age and white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein value negatively correlated with age. The primary cause of infections, age, and comorbid diseases can modify the infection course and increase the risk of developing serious complications. It confirms the need for effective and targeted bacterial treatment in the early stages of infections. Age and general diseases are the most important systemic factors determining the infection symptoms and laboratory parameters assessing the severity of the inflammatory process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral and Maxillofacial Infections—A Bacterial and Clinical Cross-Section

Kamiński¹,

Błochowiak

Kołomański³

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…Novel markers of immune activation and inflammation (suPARs) raise hopes of accurately assessing the impact of activation of local inflammatory foci. In immunologically compromised patients [45,46], e.g., prior to bone marrow transplantation, aggressive systemic treatment in leukemia, or radiochemotherapy of the head and neck region, the detection of activating dentate inflammatory foci in lymphoma would be invaluable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Antibiotic and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Treatment Decreases the Level of Endogenous Angiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Inflamed Human Periapical Tissues

et al. 2021

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis contributes to inflammatory bone resorption in humans. Widely documented antagonists to resorption include antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of these drugs on proangiogenic VEGF levels in periradicular lesions. Periapical tissue biopsies were obtained from 42 patients with chronic periapical periodontitis. VEGF levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit in patients divided into groups according to treatment: no drugs (control group, n = 25), NSAIDs (n = 7), antibiotics (n = 5), and NSAIDs and antibiotics (n = 5). Reverse transcriptase (RT) reaction was performed in all the samples under analysis. Presence of VEGFA and VEGFB gene expression was assessed using reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ELISA analysis indicated that average VEGF levels in tissue samples of patients treated with NSAIDs (6.097 ± 1.930 ng/mL), antibiotics (5.661 ± 2.395 ng/mL), and NSAIDs and antibiotics (7.142 ± 2.601 ng/mL) were significantly lower than in samples of control patients (10.432 ± 4.257 ng/mL, ANOVA p = 0.008). The RT-PCR did not reveal VEGFA gene expression in any of the 42 samples. VEGFB gene expression was found in 26 of 42 samples (69.1%). The use of NSAIDs or antibiotics in patients with exacerbated chronic periodontitis decreases VEGF levels in periapical tissues. Pharmacotherapy may minimize the effects of VEGF on apical periodontitis progression in that way.

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“…For the suPAR analysis, the samples were thawed, thoroughly mixed and centrifuged, and their suPAR concentrations were assessed. Next, Index of Body Inflammation (IBI) was calculated according to the equation below, to present the suPAR results in age-independent way [8]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Level Predicts the Occurrence of Inflammatory Complications in Maxillofacial Surgery?

Kozakiewicz

Wlazeł

2021

Applied Sciences

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Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a marker of immune activation and reflects a more distinct aspect of inflammation than C-reactive protein (CRP) does. The study concerns a clinically silent state of the immune system expressed by the level of suPAR, which could affect the occurrence of complications (non-life threatening) after scheduled procedures. The purpose was the evaluation of suPAR predictive value in minor maxillofacial surgery complication incidents. Eighty patients were tested for suPAR, CRP and a series of basic laboratory serum tests on 1 day before surgery. Complications of orthognathic and minor injuries treatments were reported. The suPAR level, expressed as a measure independent of the patient’s age (Index of Body Inflammation, IBI), was analyzed. The protein level was also assessed on postoperative day 3. Basic statistical analysis did not reveal any relevant dependence between suPAR (or IBI) and occurrence of minor complications. The application of factor analysis, artificial neural network and inclusion of chlorides, glycaemia, alanine transaminase (ALT), albumin and hemoglobin levels allowed to indicate the suPAR/IBI ranges associated with an increased risk of minor postoperative complications. Concluding, it seems that, in the current state of the knowledge, the monitoring of pre-operational suPAR level solely does not include sufficient predictive information for the occurrence of minor complications after maxillofacial surgery. The suPAR/IBI level should be combined with other patient characteristics to predict healing complications.

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Index of Body Inflammation for Maxillofacial Surgery Purpose-to Make the Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Serum Level Independent on Patient Age

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Oral and Maxillofacial Infections—A Bacterial and Clinical Cross-Section

Oral and Maxillofacial Infections—A Bacterial and Clinical Cross-Section

Systemic Antibiotic and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Treatment Decreases the Level of Endogenous Angiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Inflamed Human Periapical Tissues

Does Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Level Predicts the Occurrence of Inflammatory Complications in Maxillofacial Surgery?

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