Does Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Level Predicts the Occurrence of Inflammatory Complications in Maxillofacial Surgery?

Abstract

Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a marker of immune activation and reflects a more distinct aspect of inflammation than C-reactive protein (CRP) does. The study concerns a clinically silent state of the immune system expressed by the level of suPAR, which could affect the occurrence of complications (non-life threatening) after scheduled procedures. The purpose was the evaluation of suPAR predictive value in minor maxillofacial surgery complication incidents. Eighty patients were tested for suPAR, CRP and a series of basic laboratory serum tests on 1 day before surgery. Complications of orthognathic and minor injuries treatments were reported. The suPAR level, expressed as a measure independent of the patient’s age (Index of Body Inflammation, IBI), was analyzed. The protein level was also assessed on postoperative day 3. Basic statistical analysis did not reveal any relevant dependence between suPAR (or IBI) and occurrence of minor complications. The application of factor analysis, artificial neural network and inclusion of chlorides, glycaemia, alanine transaminase (ALT), albumin and hemoglobin levels allowed to indicate the suPAR/IBI ranges associated with an increased risk of minor postoperative complications. Concluding, it seems that, in the current state of the knowledge, the monitoring of pre-operational suPAR level solely does not include sufficient predictive information for the occurrence of minor complications after maxillofacial surgery. The suPAR/IBI level should be combined with other patient characteristics to predict healing complications.

Oral and Maxillofacial Infections—A Bacterial and Clinical Cross-Section

“…Similar findings were obtained by Yang et al, who reported that mean leucocyte and lymphocyte counts in the children group were both significantly higher than in adults [ 13 ]. Several recent studies have highlighted changes in the bacterial load of maxillofacial infections with age [ 31 , 33 , 34 ]. A relatively higher percentage of the younger patients had negative bacterial culture results in comparison to those in the senior group [ 31 ].…”

suPAR is a potential biomarker of stage III-IV, grade C periodontitis through the impact of post-radiotherapy on head and neck cancer patients

“…The results of this investigation demonstrated a statistically signi cant negative link between oral pH and hyposalivation and a positive correlation between the levels of suPAR and the clinical periodontal parameters assessed. The previous study found that salivary suPAR levels were signi cantly higher in patients with gingivitis compared to healthy subjects, and the levels correlated with periodontal clinical parameters (30). Another study by Kozakiewicz et al investigated the impact of periodontitis and cardiovascular disease on elevated suPAR levels.…”

“…It has been proposed that soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, or suPAR, may serve as a biomarker for both periodontal health and disease. A study by Isola et al assessed salivary and serum concentrations of suPAR in children with gingivitis and healthy subjects (30).…”

Systemic Antibiotic and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Treatment Decreases the Level of Endogenous Angiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Inflamed Human Periapical Tissues

“…Novel markers of immune activation and inflammation (suPARs) raise hopes of accurately assessing the impact of activation of local inflammatory foci. In immunologically compromised patients [45,46], e.g., prior to bone marrow transplantation, aggressive systemic treatment in leukemia, or radiochemotherapy of the head and neck region, the detection of activating dentate inflammatory foci in lymphoma would be invaluable.…”