Systemic Antibiotic and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Treatment Decreases the Level of Endogenous Angiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Inflamed Human Periapical Tissues

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis contributes to inflammatory bone resorption in humans. Widely documented antagonists to resorption include antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of these drugs on proangiogenic VEGF levels in periradicular lesions. Periapical tissue biopsies were obtained from 42 patients with chronic periapical periodontitis. VEGF levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit in patients divided into groups according to treatment: no drugs (control group, n = 25), NSAIDs (n = 7), antibiotics (n = 5), and NSAIDs and antibiotics (n = 5). Reverse transcriptase (RT) reaction was performed in all the samples under analysis. Presence of VEGFA and VEGFB gene expression was assessed using reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ELISA analysis indicated that average VEGF levels in tissue samples of patients treated with NSAIDs (6.097 ± 1.930 ng/mL), antibiotics (5.661 ± 2.395 ng/mL), and NSAIDs and antibiotics (7.142 ± 2.601 ng/mL) were significantly lower than in samples of control patients (10.432 ± 4.257 ng/mL, ANOVA p = 0.008). The RT-PCR did not reveal VEGFA gene expression in any of the 42 samples. VEGFB gene expression was found in 26 of 42 samples (69.1%). The use of NSAIDs or antibiotics in patients with exacerbated chronic periodontitis decreases VEGF levels in periapical tissues. Pharmacotherapy may minimize the effects of VEGF on apical periodontitis progression in that way.

Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal Enterococcus faecalis Infections

“…When this balance is disturbed, exacerbation occurs spontaneously with severe symptoms due to the local production of pro-inflammatory and immune factors. The increased expression of various cytokines and growth factors promote angiogenesis in inflamed periradicular tissues [ 13 ]. The reasons for endodontic failure are a wide range of clinical factors such as quality and thoroughness of disinfection protocols, improper coronal seal, missed canals, and poor access to the biofilm due to anatomical constraints [ 14 ].…”