Increasing mixer-added fat reduces the electrical energy required for pelleting and improves exogenous enzyme efficacy for broilers

Abstract

Primary Audience: Feed Manufacturers, nutritionists, Researchers SUMMARYThe prices of fat and diet formulations with exogenous enzymes have caused a reduction in the amount of fat added to broiler diets. Although diets may be cheaper to produce, there is potential for nutrient and exogenous enzyme destruction with low inclusions of fat (0.5 to 1%) because of frictional heat and shear forces produced in the pellet die. Additionally, much of the added fat may be applied by using postpellet spray application, and the amount of fat added in the mixer may become negligible. Thermal inactivation of exogenous enzymes and the occurrence of unfavorable reactions (e.g., Maillard reaction, protein cross-linking) may be abated by increased levels of fat included at the mixer before pelleting [i.e., mixer-added fat (MAF)]. in this study, we evaluated the effects of MAF (1, 2.5, or 4%) with or without the addition exogenous enzymes (carbohydrase, protease, and phytase), and at different conditioning temperatures (82 or 85°C), on finisher phase feed manufacture, broiler performance variables, and processing yields. increasing MAF reduced the electrical energy usage required to manufacture broiler feed (P < 0.02). Feed intake during the grower and finisher phases and live weight gain during the finisher phase were increased with enzyme addition (P < 0.001). Enzyme addition, conditioning temperature and MAF interacted in their effects on FCR from 23 to 38 d of age (P = 0.009). Overall, enzyme addition decreased FCR, but the effect was greatest with 1% MAF and 82°C or 4% MAF and 85°C. increasing the MAF and conditioning temperature reduced abdominal fat pad yield (P < 0.03). no difference in breast or leg yield was due to any of the factors (P > 0.05). it is likely that increased MAF improved exogenous enzyme retention and nutrient utilization by broilers. Subject to current fat prices, increasing MAF may reduce the total cost of broiler production, particularly when the reduction of electrical energy usage is considered.

Design of experiments optimisation study on the fat coating machine for extruded fish feed

“…7 It improves the productivity without affecting the solidness of pellets; it works well for producing extruded animal feed, and having high-level standard of the equipment. 10 Oil has then been known to be one of the best carriers of micronutrients and that it also increases the energy value of the feed. 11 To this end, it serves as the easiest way to add again the lost nutrients and increase the energy level of the feed.…”

Phosphorus nutrition in broilers

“…After the 3-21d experimental period and subsequent necropsy, significant differences were obtained for LWG (P=0.007), tibia breaking strength (P<0.001), and tibia ash (P<0.0001) among broilers fed the PC and NC formulations. Data from LWG showed that enzymes 2,3,5,6,7,8, and 9 had similar live weight gains to the positive control (P<0.05, Figure 3). When analyzing FCR among treatments with LWG similar to the positive control, there were no multiple comparison differences.…”

“…Data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance using SAS software (11). Significant differences were determined based on α≤0.05.…”

“…Both of these diets had lower relative electrical energy usage than both commercial diets (Figure 1). This decrease in pellet mill relative electrical energy usage could be due to the increased mixer added fat in the PC and PC with PLA diets (11). Production rate data suggests that addition of PLA does not increase throughput compared to the PC.…”

“…Positive and negative control diets were formulated to be as similar as possible with respect to ingredient inclusion, while keeping the values for metabolizable energy, methionine and cysteine, lysine, and calcium the same. Soybean oil was included at 3% at the mixer to aid in enzyme retention (2). Adjustment in NPP level was the main difference between the calculated nutrients of the PC and NC formulations.…”