Increased Risk of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Relatives of Patients With Parkinson Disease

Arabia, Gennarina; Grossardt, Brandon R.; Geda, Yonas E.; Carlin, J. M.; Bower, James H.; Ahlskog, J. Eric; Maraganore, Demetrius M.; Rocca, Walter A.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.12.1385

Cited by 61 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Increased prevalence of mental illness has been reported among relatives of patients with PD, 15 supporting this theory. If the 2 diseases were independent of one another, but caused by the same genetic or early environmental factors, we would expect coaggregation of both diagnoses within sibling pairs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Various neurobiological hypotheses have suggested that depression is an independent risk factor or early symptom of PD, or that the association between depression and PD reflects shared etiologic factors, mimicking a causal relationship. 12,15,16 An increased prevalence of mental illness among relatives of patients with PD has also been reported, 15 suggesting a shared genetic susceptibility, but such associations have not been widely investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Depression and subsequent risk of Parkinson disease

2015

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Objective: To investigate the long-term risk of Parkinson disease (PD) after depression and evaluate potential confounding by shared susceptibility to the 2 diagnoses. Methods:The nationwide study cohort included 140,688 cases of depression, matched 1:3 using a nested case-control design to evaluate temporal aspects of study parameters (total, n 5 562,631). Potential familial coaggregation of the 2 diagnoses was investigated in a subcohort of 540,811 sibling pairs. Associations were investigated using multivariable adjusted statistical models.Results: During a median follow-up period of 6.8 (range, 0-26.0) years, 3,260 individuals in the cohort were diagnosed with PD. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) for PD was 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-4.1) within the first year of depression, decreasing to 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1-2.0) after 15 to 25 years. Among participants with depression, recurrent hospitalization was an independent risk factor for PD (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9 for $5 vs 1 hospitalization). In family analyses, siblings' depression was not significantly associated with PD risk in index persons (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.4). Conclusions:The time-dependent effect, dose-response pattern for recurrent depression, and lack of evidence for coaggregation among siblings all indicate a direct association between depression and subsequent PD. Given that the association was significant for a follow-up period of more than 2 decades, depression may be a very early prodromal symptom of PD, or a causal risk factor.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

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confidence: 99%

Depression and subsequent risk of Parkinson disease

2015

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“…The population-based Rotterdam study found no association between PD in first-degree relatives and depression [570]. The Rochester Epidemiology project, USA, in which relatives were evaluated individually, reported increased risk of depressive disorders (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.11-1.89) as well as anxiety disorders (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05-2.28) in first-degree relatives of PD cases compared to first-degree relatives of controls [571].…”

Section: Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

et al. 2011

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“…Depressive disorders, which may be better phenotypic markers than symptom severity scores, were present at higher rates in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with PD, suggesting a shared familial susceptibility to PD with depression [45]. Whereas none of the genetic mutations associated with PD or with depressive disorders have been found to be associated specifically with PD depression, nonmotor symptoms have not been assessed consistently in studies on genetic factors in PD [46].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Parkinson’s Disease: Current Knowledge

Marsh

2013

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

296

255

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Depressive disturbances are common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and influence many other clinical aspects of the disease. In addition to causing inherent emotional distress, depressive disorders negatively impact quality of life, motor and cognitive deficits, functional disability, and other psychiatric comorbidities in patients with PD. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of PD depression remains limited. However, clinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of medications and psychotherapies for PD depression, underscoring the importance of their timely detection and concerted management.

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Increased Risk of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Relatives of Patients With Parkinson Disease

Abstract: These findings suggest that depressive disorders and anxiety disorders may share familial susceptibility factors with PD.

Cited by 61 publications

References 41 publications

Depression and subsequent risk of Parkinson disease

Depression and subsequent risk of Parkinson disease

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

Depression and Parkinson’s Disease: Current Knowledge

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