Increased plasma isoprostane is associated with visceral fat, high molecular weight adiponectin, and metabolic complications in obese children

Abstract

Oxidative stress is considered to be increased in obese subjects. However, the association of oxidative stress with visceral adiposity and adiponectin level is not fully understood in children. Forty-four obese Japanese children and adolescents, 28 boys and 16 girls, with median age of 9.9 years [5.2-13.8 years], and the 28 age-matched non-obese healthy controls, 15 boys and 13 girls, were enrolled in this study. The median BMI Z scores were +2.21 [1.31-4.38] for the obese subjects and -0.72 [-2.11-1.31] for the control. Plasma concentrations of 8-epi-prostaglandin F₂α (isoprostane), a marker of oxidative stress, and adiponectin fractions were assayed using ELISA. 8-epi-PGF₂α levels were significantly higher in the obese group (37.1 [4.7-112.7], median and the range) than in the control (11.5 [4.5-27.3]). In a univariate analysis, concentrations of 8-epi-PGF₂α positively correlated with visceral adipose tissue area measured by computed tomography, waist circumference, serum triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, insulin levels, and the homeostasis of minimal assessment of insulin resistance and inversely correlated with high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin. Total-, medium-, or low-molecular weight adiponectin fraction did not show a significant correlation with 8-epi-PGF₂α Forty of 44 obese children had one or more metabolic complications. The 8-epi-PGF[Formula: see text] levels also elevated with increasing numbers of obesity-related complications. These results suggest that oxidative stress is enhanced in relation to visceral fat accumulation and decreasing HMW adiponectin level in childhood obesity. Oxidative stress may be associated with the development of obesity-related complications.

Adiponectin and markers of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents: impact of 8-mo regular physical exercise program

“…Despite the differences in anthropometric and biochemical variables between obese and controls in the larger population were, somehow, maintained, no significant changes were observed between the two groups regarding TA and absolute and relative multimers concentrations, both before and after the PE program (data not shown). Oppositely, some studies have pointed to an increase in HMW following intervention (16,24). The lack of significant differences might be related to a small sample size, however, it can also indicate that the differences previously found could be due to confounding factors, present later in life, or, that differences in TA concentrations seen at older ages, might be caused by a cumulative effect, still not evident at early ages.…”

“…Other studies have reported that BMIzsc reduction is related to an increase in TA, particularly in the HMW form (16,24). In children, adiponectin decreases with aging (6); therefore, a small reduction of BMIzsc (0.2), might not be enough to raise the TA levels, but it seems to be enough to slow the process as age-related adiponectin reduction seems to be accelerated in obese individuals.…”

Childhood obesity–related endothelial dysfunction: an update on pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic advancements

“…Also, addition of chemerin to cultured endothelial cells upregulated the expression of adhesion molecules for white blood cells. Additionally, both childhood obesity and inflammation lead to oxidative stress (45)(46)(47), since they induce the generation of reactive oxygen species and lower the anti-oxidant capacity.…”

Plasma 8-Isoprostane Concentrations and Adipogenic and Adipokine Gene Expression Patterns in Subcutaneous and Mesenteric Adipose Tissues of Fattening <i>Wagyu</i> Cattle

“…In addition, a lower dietary intake of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in humans increases the oxidative stress status [13]. Previous studies have also indicated that plasma levels of 8-isoprostane are significantly correlated with visceral fat area rather than subcutaneous one [2,35]. Ito et al [15] reported that the C/EBPβ up-regulates the expression of inflammatory mediator adipokines, such as MCP-1 and IL-6.…”

“…Obese subjects have higher levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, such as 8-isoprostane, than their leaner counterparts. 8-isoprostane is an eicosanoid produced by the random oxidation of lipids by oxygen radicals, and its plasma levels accurately reflect the oxidative stress status in obese patients [2,35,36]. On the other hand, previous reports have indicated that dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol, the most potent antioxidant component among vitamin E, reduced oxidative stress with the reduction of plasma 8-isoprostane concentrations in obese patients [17,37,38].…”