Increased Neutrophil Mobilization and Decreased Chemotaxis During Cortisol and Epinephrine Infusions

Davis, John M.; Albert, James D.; Tracy, K. J.; Calvano, Steve E.; Lowry, Stephen F.; Shires, G T; Yurt, Roger W.

doi:10.1097/00005373-199106000-00001

Cited by 104 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…In addition, ACTH (which is secreted in response to stress) was significantly increased at LϪ2 days, which indicates activation of the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis (HPA). As previously stated, epinephrine produces a profound effect on circulating neutrophil number by causing a demargination of neutrophils adhering to the vascular endothelium, whereas cortisol achieves this effect by releasing immature neutrophils from the bone marrow reserve and increasing their half-life [33]. These results definitively show that cortisol does play a significant role in postflight observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Decreased neutrophil chemotaxis has been observed after infusions of epinephrine or in vitro using pharmacological doses of epinephrine [33,38], and so we therefore expected to see a decreased chemotactic response. It is interesting to note that Deitch and Bridges [38] combined epinephrine and cortisol into a stress cocktail resulting in a hypermetabolic state of the neutrophils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Leukocyte subsets and neutrophil function after short-term spaceflight

Stowe

Sams

Mehta³

et al. 1999

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

137

102

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Changes in leukocyte subpopulations and function after spaceflight have been observed but the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well defined. This study investigated the effects of short-term spaceflight (8-15 days) on circulating leukocyte subsets, stress hormones, immunoglobulin levels, and neutrophil function. At landing, a 1.5-fold increase in neutrophils was observed compared with preflight values; lymphocytes were slightly decreased, whereas the results were variable for monocytes. No significant changes were observed in plasma levels of immunoglobulins, cortisol, or adrenocorticotropic hormone. In contrast, urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol were significantly elevated at landing. Band neutrophils were observed in 9 of 16 astronauts. Neutrophil chemotactic assays showed a 10-fold decrease in the optimal dose response after landing. Neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells was increased both before and after spaceflight. At landing, the expression of MAC-1 was significantly decreased while L-selectin was significantly increased. These functional alterations may be of clinical significance on long-duration space missions. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 179-186; 1999.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Leukocyte subsets and neutrophil function after short-term spaceflight

Stowe

Sams

Mehta³

et al. 1999

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

137

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Neutrophilia, monocytosis and lymphopenia can occur in a response to endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids in dogs like other animals [67][68][69][70]. Potential causes of increased endogenous releasing of glucocorticoids include fever, pain, stress, intense exercise and hyperadrenocorticism [69,71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential causes of increased endogenous releasing of glucocorticoids include fever, pain, stress, intense exercise and hyperadrenocorticism [69,71]. Left shift is often associated with inflammatory conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Study of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Observation of <i>Ehrlichia ewingii / Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and Hemotropic <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. in Dogs’ Blood Films

Rassouli¹

2015

AVS

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Ehrlichia ewingii, Anaplasma phogocytophilum and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. are three bacteria which can infect different dog's blood cells. All of these three pathogens can be transmitted by different ticks and some reservoir hosts also play a role in their transmission. Although E. ewingii and A. phagocytophilum infect granulocytes and neutrophils of their hosts, respectively, hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. can infect reticulocytes. In this research, the previously taken dogs' blood films were collected randomly from different veterinary hospitals of Tehran, the capital of Iran. The blood films were reinvestigated for arthropod-borne diseases. Surprisingly, E. ewingii/A. phagocytophilum morulae and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. were observed in 18% and 37.7% of samples, respectively. None of these pathogens have been reported in Iran. In addition to the new report, the changes which have been made by these pathogens, their similarities, differences and zoonotic importance are discussed.

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“…The glucocorticoid cortisol, when infused into healthy volunteers, has major immunological effects; lymphocyte counts increase, while the proportions of T3-, T4-, and Til-lymphocytes decrease Calvano et al, 1987). When epinephrine was added to the infusion, the marginating pool of circulating neutrophils was mobilized, but chemotaxis measured after 6 h of infusion was reduced (Davis et al, 1991). When cortisol alone was administered for 6 h before an endotoxin challenge, the immunological response was greatly reduced compared to the response in volunteers receiving endotoxin alone .…”

Section: Nutrition and Immune Function The Stress Response Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

Poos¹,

Costello²,

Carlson-Newberry³

1999

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The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The image adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is based on a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.Cover: Resting monocyte/macrophage being activated to produce proinflammatory cytokines which form complexes with receptor binding proteins. Adapted from COMMITTEE ON MILITARY NUTRITION RESEARCHROBERT O. NESHEIM (Chair, through June 30, 1998) (FNB), Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences. Other workshops or symposia have included such topics as food components to enhance performance; nutritional needs in hot, cold, and high-altitude environments; body composition and physical performance; nutrition and physical performance; cognitive testing methodology; and fluid replacement and heat stress. These workshops form part of the response that the CMNR provides to the Commander, U. HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEEThe CMNR was established in October 1982 following a request by the Assistant Surgeon General of the Army that the Board on Military Supplies of the National Academy of Sciences set up a special committee. The purpose of this committee was to advise the U.S. Department of Defense on the need for and conduct of nutrition research and related issues. The CMNR was transferred to the FNB in 1983. The CMNR's current tasks are• to identify nutritional factors that may critically influence the physical and mental performance of military personnel under all environmental extremes,• to identify deficiencies in the existing database, • to recommend research that would remedy these deficiencies as well as approaches for studying the relationship of diet to physical and mental performance, and• to review and advise on standards for military feeding systems.Within this context, the CMNR was asked to focus on nutrient requirements for performance during operational missions rather than requirements for military personnel in garrison (the latter were judged to be not significantly different from those of the civilian population).Although the membership of the committee has changed periodically, the disciplines represented consistently have included human nutrition, nutritional biochemistry, performance physiology, food science, and psychology. For issues that require broader expertise than exists within the committee, the CMNR has convened workshops or utilized consultants. The workshops provide additional state-of-the-art scientific information and informed opinion for the consideration of the committee. COMMITTEE TASKS AND PROCEDURESThe request for this review of nutrition and immune function and its application to military operations originated with Army scientists from USARIEM and USAMRMC. In December 1995, a committee subgroup of the CMNR participated in a series of conference calls with USARIEM, USAMRMC, and other CMNR members to identify the key areas that should be reviewed and to solicit suggestions for names...

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Increased Neutrophil Mobilization and Decreased Chemotaxis During Cortisol and Epinephrine Infusions

Cited by 104 publications

References 0 publications

Leukocyte subsets and neutrophil function after short-term spaceflight

Leukocyte subsets and neutrophil function after short-term spaceflight

Retrospective Study of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Observation of <i>Ehrlichia ewingii / Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and Hemotropic <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. in Dogs’ Blood Films

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

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Increased Neutrophil Mobilization and Decreased Chemotaxis During Cortisol and Epinephrine Infusions

Cited by 104 publications

References 0 publications

Leukocyte subsets and neutrophil function after short-term spaceflight

Leukocyte subsets and neutrophil function after short-term spaceflight

Retrospective Study of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Observation of &lt;i&gt;Ehrlichia ewingii / Anaplasma phagocytophilum&lt;/i&gt; and Hemotropic &lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma&lt;/i&gt; spp. in Dogs’ Blood Films

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

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Product

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Retrospective Study of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Observation of <i>Ehrlichia ewingii / Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and Hemotropic <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. in Dogs’ Blood Films