Retrospective Study of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Observation of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Ehrlichia ewingii / Anaplasma phagocytophilum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and Hemotropic &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Mycoplasma&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; spp. in Dogs’ Blood Films

Rassouli, Maryam

doi:10.11648/j.avs.20150306.15

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…chaffeensis was reported among unfed adult Ixodes ricinus ticks in Mazandaran province [ 153 ]. Ehrlichia ewingii was reported in dogs’ blood films previously collected at random from different veterinary hospitals in Tehran, the capital of Iran [ 152 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales cause infections that often manifest as undifferentiated fevers that are not easy to distinguish from other causes of acute febrile illnesses clinically. This is partly attributed to difficulty in laboratory confirmation since convalescent sera, specific diagnostic reagents, and the required expertise may not be readily available. As a result, a number of tick-borne zoonoses are underappreciated resulting in unnecessary morbidity, mortality and huge economic loses. In Iran, a significant proportion of human infectious diseases are tick-borne, with anecdotal evidence suggesting that tick-borne zoonoses are widespread but underreported in the country. Epidemiological review is therefore necessary to aid in the effective control and prevention of tick-borne zonooses in Iran. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth and comprehensive overview of anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, spotted fever group rickettsioses and coxiellosis in Iran.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, all relevant publications on tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran were searched using a number of search terms. The search was confined to authentic resources from repositories of popular data bases among them PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SpringerLink and SCOPUS. The search items included peer reviewed journals, books and book chapters published between 1996 and 2017.ResultsA total of 1 205 scientific publications and reports were sourced, of which 63 met the search criteria and were reviewed. Of the 63 articles reviewed, 36 (57.1%) reported on coxiellosis, 15 (23.8%) on anaplasmosis, 11 (17.5%) on ehrlichiosis and 1(1.6%) on spotted fever group rickettsiae in a large scale study involving four countries, among them Iran. The existence of tick-borne pathogens in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales was confirmed by molecular, serological and microscopic techniques conducted on samples obtained from sheep, cattle, goats, camels, poultry, animal products (milk and eggs), dogs, ticks and even human subjects in different parts of the country; pointing to a countrywide distribution.DiscussionBased on the review, coxiellosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and SFG rickettsiae can be categorized as emerging tick-borne zoonotic diseases in Iran given the presence of their causiative agents (C. burnetii, A. phagocytophilum, A. marginale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. central, E. canis, E. ewingii, E. chaffeensis and R. conorii) collectively reported in a variety of domestic animals, animal products, arthropods and human beings drawn from 22 provinces in Iran.ConclusionGiven the asymptomatic nature of some of these zoonoses, there is a high likelihood of silent transmission to humans in many parts of the country, which should be considered a public health concern. Presently, information on the transmission intensity of tick-borne zoonoses caused by pathogens in...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review

et al. 2018

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“…By molecular approach, we determined the infection rate of 57% in dogs, whereas microscopy indicated 11.65% of infection. In 18% of dogs from Tehran A. phagocytophilum morula as forms were detected (20). Four percent of A. phagocytophilum infection was found in dogs from Turkey by molecular method (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Molecular Survey on Anaplasma phagocytophilum Re-vealed High Prevalence in Rural Dogs from Khuzestan Prov-ince, Iran

Hamidinejat

Bahrami

Mosalanejad

et al. 2019

IJPA

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Background: Anaplasmosis due to Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an important tick-borne zoonotic disease, which affects dogs, horses, cattle and human as well. This study aimed to probe the existence of this organism by means of molecular biology techniques for the first time in rural dogs of Khuzestan province, Southwestern Iran. Methods: During Sep 2014 to Apr 2015 blood samples of 103 apparently healthy rural dogs (60 males) were collected for A. phagocytophilum detection by light microscopical examination of Giemsa stained slides and Nested PCR on a fragment of 16S rRNA gene. Results: From the examined slides, 11.65% were positive for A. morulae while 57.28% of infection was revealed by Nested PCR method. There was no statistical difference between ages and sexes of dogs and infection in molecular survey of A. phagocytophilum. Conclusion: Molecular prevalence of A. phagocytophilum was noticeably high. It may cause the incidence of disease in human population.

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Prevalence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia infections in dogs in Iran: A meta‐analysis study

Abdous,

Rahnama,

Shams

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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The current study aims to assess the prevalence of different genera of Rickettsiales, intracellular bacteria, in dogs across various regions of Iran. Rickettsiales, as zoonotic pathogens, can have various manifestations in different species, including immunosuppression, anaemia and neuropathy. Due to their close interactions with people and livestock, dogs can serve as reservoirs and transmit these pathogens to humans and other animals. The data from this research can be valuable for managing and controlling related diseases and complications in Iran and possibly neighbouring countries. Pertinent data for this study was gathered without time limitations until 1 March 2022, from different databases. Of all the inspected studies, 26 were eligible based on the inclusion criteria. The Egger test result and asymmetry in the funnel plot revealed significant publication bias; therefore, the meta‐analysis model was corrected with the trim‐and‐fill method. After correction, the prevalence of rickettsial infections among dogs varies by genus – 20.1% for Anaplasma spp. and 10% for Ehrlichia spp. – with an overall prevalence estimated at 18.3% by random‐effects analysis. The highest and lowest estimated pooled prevalences were associated with the southwestern (38.5%) and southern (0.3%) provinces of Iran, respectively. The pooled prevalence of rickettsial infection was higher in female dogs (OR = 1.198; p < 0.978; 95% CI, 0.842–1.705) and in dogs ≤2 years (OR = 1.014; p < 0.312; 95% CI, 0.598–1.72), but the difference was not statistically significant. Ultimately, the pooled prevalence of rickettsial infections among dogs is relatively low compared to other countries like Qatar, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, which are nearby Iran. Given the significant clinical outcomes of this disease, necessary measures for prevention should be taken.

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Retrospective Study of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Observation of <i>Ehrlichia ewingii / Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and Hemotropic <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. in Dogs’ Blood Films

Cited by 3 publications

References 75 publications

Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review

Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review

First Molecular Survey on Anaplasma phagocytophilum Re-vealed High Prevalence in Rural Dogs from Khuzestan Prov-ince, Iran

Prevalence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia infections in dogs in Iran: A meta‐analysis study

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