Increased Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio and Free Leptin Index Are Markers of Insulin Resistance in Obese Girls during Pubertal Development

Abstract

Background: Modifications in body fat in obese patients during puberty determine changes in adipokines that affect insulin sensitivity. Aims: We hypothesized that the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio and free leptin index (FLI) are good markers of insulin resistance (IR) and total body fat (TBF) during pubertal development. Methods: A prospective study of 32 obese girls (OG) and age-matched control girls (CG) was performed. OG were divided into those that maintained a weight loss (WL) of >1 SD of initial body mass index (BMI) (WL group, n = 25) and those without WL (NWL group, n = 7). Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed to evaluate IR. Correlations of adipokines, L/A, and FLI with BMI, waist circumference, percentage of TBF (%TBF) and IR were performed over pubertal development. Results: The L/A ratio and FLI were increased in OG at baseline. Both indexes decreased in the WL group as puberty progressed, with no change in CG or NWL. In the WL group, a correlation between L/A and FLI with OGTT and %TBF, and L/A and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was found throughout the study. Conclusion: The L/A ratio and FLI are good markers to follow changes in IR and %TBF after WL during puberty. Insulin more accurately reflects the changes in IR than HOMA.

A Resistance to Leptin in Development of Different Obesity Phenotypes

“…СЛИ определяется как отно-шение СЛ/РРЛ. В исследовании Donoso MA, et al была выявлена положительная корреляционная взаи-мосвязь между СЛИ и индексом HOMA-IR в группе с ожирением [16]. В нашем исследовании в группе с МТФ наблюдался более высокий показатель СЛИ, чем в группе с МЗФ.…”

Comparisons of physical activity, adipokines, vitamin D status and dietary vitamin D intake among adolescents

“…Adipokine concentrations may vary dramatically according to physical activity level (20) and physical fitness parameters (21) among adolescents. In addition, the adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio (or leptin/adiponectin ratio) is considered to comprise a good parameter for estimating metabolic alterations and the risk of developing chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (22)(23)(24) , even in youth (25) .…”

Relação entre tecido adiposo e osso: associações entre vitamina D, osteocalcina, adipocinas e homeostase da glicose em crianças e adolescentes

“…Neither did Rochefort et al (25) among 13 normal weight and 27 obese children 9-12 years old. They only found a negative relationship between ucOC and insulin confined to a subgroup of obese participants (n = 13) that went through a 6-month physical training programme (R 2 = 0.424; p = 0.009).…”

“…Further, 110 among postmenopausal women, phylloquinone (vitamin K1) administration for 1 year decreased ucOC concentrations (by affecting osteocalcin carboxylation), but this change was not associated with insulin secretion nor insulin resistance (25).…”

“…Adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio (or leptin/adiponectin ratio) is considered a good parameter to estimate metabolic alterations 127 and the risk of developing chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases [22][23][24] , even in youth 25 .…”