Increased carbon monoxide in exhaled air of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis

Monma, Mizue; Yamaya, Mutsuo; Sekizawa, Kiyohisa; Ikeda, Katsuhisa; Suzuki, Naohiro; Kikuchi, Toshiaki; Takasaka, Tomonori; Sasaki, Hidetada

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00684.x

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In our study, there were four literatures that showed no significant difference of eCO levels between AR and the control groups. The studies of Andersson et al and Monma [14,15]. However, in the studies of Gratziou et al, no significantly higher levels of eCO were found in AR [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Meta-analysis of the Association of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide on Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2010

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of exhaled CO (eCO) on the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) by means of reviewing published literature. The literatures published between January 1997 and December 2008 from the US National Library of Medicine (NLM) Database were obtained according to inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. CO levels of asthma and AR patients were compared with that of normal controls. HO-1(heme oxygenase-1) expression and effect of corticosteroids on eCO levels were also analyzed. Fifteen studies concerning asthma and four studies concerning AR were included in this analysis. Heterogeneity from different studies was evident (P < 0.0001), so a random-effects model was preferred. The meta-analysis revealed that asthmatic patients had significantly higher levels of eCO compared to normal controls. There was significant difference between asthma and control groups in terms of eCO (combined weighted mean difference (WMD) 1.33 (95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.95), P < 0.0001), and no significant difference between AR and control (combined WMD 0.93 (95% confidence interval -0.54 to 2.40), P = 0.22). HO-1 expression were also reviewed, asthma group produced greater expression of HO-1 than control group with significant difference (combined standardized mean difference (SMD) 2.98 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 4.84), P = 0.002). After corticosteroid therapy, significantly different levels of eCO were produced after corticosteroid therapy than did asthma group (combined WMD -1.23 (95% confidence interval -2.43 to -0.03), P = 0.04). The analysis reveals that eCO levels were significantly raised in asthma and it may attribute to high expression of HO-1, but there were no significantly high eCO levels between AR and control groups. Due to sensitivity to corticosteroid inhibition, eCO may be used as a practical marker to detect and monitor exacerbation of asthma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Meta-analysis of the Association of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide on Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2010

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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“…Gratziou et al [34] found this difference for exhaled nitric oxide, but not for eCO. Studying the changes of eCO levels in patients with AR during and out of pollen season, Monma et al [35] noted that eCO concentration was significantly increased in symptomatic patients compared to non-symptomatic ones. It can be suggested that the increase in eCO levels in patients with AR may be produced from both the lower and upper airways [29,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the levels of exhaled carbon monoxide in asthmatic children

Jeseňák¹,

Bánovčin²,

Havlíčeková³

et al. 2014

Journal of Asthma

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“…2 The exhaled CO levels in the present study were consistent with those in patients with inflammatory airway and pulmonary diseases such as bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, upper respiratory tract infections, and seasonal allergic rhinitis as reported previously. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Because exhaled CO is increased in patients with inflammatory airway and pulmonary diseases, it has been proposed that the measurement of exhaled CO may serve as an indirect marker of airway inflammation. Antuni et al also found a significant correlation between the deterioration in FEV 1 and exhaled CO concentrations in patients with cystic fibrosis, and suggested that the measurement of exhaled CO is of potential value as an indicator of exacerbations in patients with inflammatory pulmonary diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 3 Exhaled CO is increased in patients with inflammatory pulmonary diseases such as bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, upper respiratory tract infections, and seasonal allergic rhinitis. [3][4][5][6][7] Treatment with inhaled and oral corticosteroids, which have been shown to reduce airway inflammation, is associated with a reduction in the exhaled levels of CO in asthma. 3 8 Furthermore, exhaled CO is increased in exacerbations of bronchial asthma induced by respiratory virus infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Based on these findings, it has been proposed that measurements of exhaled CO may serve as an indirect marker of airway inflammation. [3][4][5][6][7][8] On the other hand, exhaled CO concentration is reported to correlate closely with blood carboxyhaemoglobin (Hb-CO) concentrations over the range of values encountered in smokers and non-smokers, 2 which suggests that the Hb-CO concentration may increase in patients with inflammatory pulmonary diseases. However, the Hb-CO concentration in inflammatory pulmonary diseases has not been studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increased blood carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in inflammatory pulmonary diseases

Yasuda

2002

Thorax

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Background: Exhaled carbon monoxide has been reported to increase in inflammatory pulmonary diseases and to be correlated with blood carboxyhaemoglobin (Hb-CO) concentration. A study was undertaken to determine whether arterial blood Hb-CO increases in patients with inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Methods: The Hb-CO concentration in arterial blood was measured with a spectrophotometer in 34 normal control subjects, 24 patients with bronchial asthma, 52 patients with pneumonia, and 21 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Results: The mean (SE) Hb-CO concentrations in patients with bronchial asthma during exacerbations (n=24, 1.05 (0.05)%), with pneumonia at the onset of illness (n=52, 1.08 (0.06)%), and with IPF (n=21, 1.03 (0.09)%) were significantly higher than those in control subjects (n=34, 0.60 (0.07)%) (mean difference 0.45% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23 to 0.67), p<0.01 in patients with bronchial asthma, mean difference 0.48% (95% CI 0.35 to 0.60), p<0.0001 in patients with pneumonia, and mean difference 0.43% (95% CI 0.26 to 0.61) p<0.001 in patients with IPF). In 20 patients with bronchial asthma the Hb-CO concentration decreased after 3 weeks of treatment with oral glucocorticoids (p<0.001). In 20 patients with pneumonia the Hb-CO concentration had decreased after 3 weeks when patients showed evidence of clinical improvement (p<0.001). The values of C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein, correlated with Hb-CO concentrations in patients with pneumonia (r=0.74, p<0.0001) and in those with IPF (r=0.46, p<0.01). In patients with bronchial asthma changes in Hb-CO concentrations were significantly correlated with those in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) after 3 weeks (r=0.67, p<0.01). Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were correlated with Hb-CO concentrations (n=33, r=0.80, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Hb-CO concentrations are increased in inflammatory pulmonary diseases including bronchial asthma, pneumonia, and IPF. Measurement of arterial Hb-CO may be a useful means of monitoring pulmonary inflammation.

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Increased carbon monoxide in exhaled air of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis

Abstract: These findings suggest that allergic rhinitis increases the concentration of CO in exhaled air and increases in exhaled CO may be derived from lower airways.

Cited by 53 publications

References 18 publications

A Meta-analysis of the Association of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide on Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis

A Meta-analysis of the Association of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide on Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis

Factors influencing the levels of exhaled carbon monoxide in asthmatic children

Increased blood carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in inflammatory pulmonary diseases

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