Increased brain activity to unpleasant stimuli in individuals with the 7R allele of the DRD4 gene

Gehricke, Jean-G.; Swanson, James M.; Duong, Sophie; Nguyen, Jenny; Wigal, Timothy; Fallon, James H.; Caburian, Cyrus; Muftuler, L. Tugan; Moyzis, Robert K.

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.10.021

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…As shown in table 1 (model a), a significant association was observed between the DRD4 exon III VNTR and political attitude (OR ¼ 0.820, p ¼ 0.027), the 4R/4R carriers were less liberal than other subjects. Comparison of 4R/4R with all other DRD4 genotypes is not an uncommon practice [68][69][70][71][72][73]. Additionally, presence of a single 7R trumps the effect of the 4R in many studies hence it is not surprising that the 4R/4R grouping has special significance.…”

Section: Results (A) Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitudes in female Han Chinese

Ebstein

Monakhov

et al. 2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Twin and family studies suggest that political attitudes are partially determined by an individual's genotype. The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) exon III repeat region that has been extensively studied in connection with human behaviour, is a plausible candidate to contribute to individual differences in political attitudes. A first United States study provisionally identified this gene with political attitude along a liberal-conservative axis albeit contingent upon number of friends. In a large sample of 1771 Han Chinese university students in Singapore, we observed a significant main effect of association between the DRD4 exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitude. Subjects with two copies of the 4-repeat allele (4R/4R) were significantly more conservative. Our results provided evidence for a role of the DRD4 gene variants in contributing to individual differences in political attitude particularly in females and more generally suggested that associations between individual genes, and neurochemical pathways, contributing to traits relevant to the social sciences can be provisionally identified.

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Section: Results (A) Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitudes in female Han Chinese

Ebstein

Monakhov

et al. 2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Results of other studies have associated the 7R polymorphism with ADHD in a meta-analysis 77 and with increased brain activity to unpleasant stimuli. 78 We sought to determine whether 7R was also associated with schizophrenia risk. Findings of our pooled and subgroup analyses indicated that 7R was not associated with the risk of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of data associating <em>DRD4 </em>gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia

Zhang

et al. 2018

NDT

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To explore the association between DRD4 polymorphisms and schizophrenia risk, a meta-analysis was carried out with 41 case–control articles. Specifically, we included 28 articles (5,735 cases and 5,278 controls) that pertained to the 48 bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism, nine articles (1,517 cases and 1,746 controls) that corresponded to the 12 bp tandem repeat (TR), six articles (1,912 cases and 1,836 controls) that addressed the 120 bp TR, 10 articles (2,927 cases and 2,938 controls) that entailed the −521 C>T polymorphism, six articles (1,735 cases and 1,724 controls) that pertained to the −616 C>G polymorphism, and four articles (1,191 cases and 1,215 controls) that involved the −376 C>T polymorphism. Pooled analysis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed, and the data were visualized by means of forest and funnel plots. Results of pooled analysis indicated that the −521 CC variant (Pz=0.009, odds ratio [OR] =1.218, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.050–1.413) and genotype L/L (ie, long allele) of the 120 bp TR were risk factors of schizophrenia (Pz=0.004, OR =1.275, 95% CI =1.081–1.504). The 48 bp VNTR, the 12 bp TR, the −616 C>G polymorphism, and the −376 C>T polymorphism were not associated with schizophrenia. Additional research is warranted to explore the association between polymorphisms of DRD4 and schizophrenia risk.

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“…DRD4 gene expression levels were relatively increased in several brain areas related to planning and rewarding, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), cingulate gyrus and striatum. These brain regions also played an important role in regulating executive functions (Seeman et al, 1993 ; Mulcrone and Kerwin, 1997 ; Gehricke et al, 2015 ). For example, DRD4 polymorphisms presented different blood oxygen level dependency (BOLD) responses in the PFC and cingulate gyrus during tasks of executive function (Gilsbach et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the 2-Repeat Allele of the DRD4 Gene on Neural Networks Associated With the Prefrontal Cortex in Children With ADHD

Qian

Tao

Wang

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Objective: Genetic variation, especially polymorphism of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4), has been linked to deficits in self-regulation and executive functions and to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and is related to the structural and functional integrity of the default mode network (DMN), the executive control network (ECN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the 2-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene on brain network connectivity and behaviors in children with ADHD.Methods: Using independent component analysis (ICA) and dimension analyses, we examined resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data obtained from 52 Asian medicine-naive children with ADHD (33 2-repeat absent and 19 2-repeat present).Results: We found that individuals with 2-repeat absent demonstrated increased within-network connectivity in the right precuneus of the DMN, the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) of the SMN compared with individuals with 2-repeat present. Within the ECN, 2-repeat absent showed decreased within-network connectivity in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the left anterior cingulate cortex. A deeper study found that connectivity strength of the left IFG was directly proportional to the Stroop reaction time in 2-repeat absent group, and as well as the right MFG in 2-repeat present group.Conclusion: Polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene, specifically 2-repeat allele, had effects on the ECN, the SMN and the DMN, especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) circles. ADHD children with DRD4 2-repeat allele have aberrant resting-state within-network connectivity patterns in the left IFG and the right MFG related to dysfunction in inattention symptom. This study provided novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of DRD4 2-repeat allele on ADHD.

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Increased brain activity to unpleasant stimuli in individuals with the 7R allele of the DRD4 gene

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

Association between the dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitudes in female Han Chinese

Association between the dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitudes in female Han Chinese

A meta-analysis of data associating <em>DRD4 </em>gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia

Effects of the 2-Repeat Allele of the DRD4 Gene on Neural Networks Associated With the Prefrontal Cortex in Children With ADHD

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