Inclusive urban entrepreneurial ecosystem policies: An application of the meta‐synthesis approach

Abstract

Poverty has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Despite the nature of entrepreneurship to facilitate economic development, there are limited studies regarding the related concept of inclusive development. This issue is the motivating factor for this study to introduce the concept of inclusive urban entrepreneurial ecosystem (IUEE). IUEE provides a market-and resource-based view of poverty alleviation and can be considered as a new pattern of inclusive business (IBs) growth. Hence, the aim of this study is to formulate policies for IUEE by conducting a qualitative meta-synthesis of the theoretical literature. In this meta-synthesis, we synthesized a total of 155 findings from 64 studies conducted to date. The results are grouped into 17 concepts and nine main policies as follows: IUEE modeling, considering the role of IBs, improving the ecosystem members' social interactions, supporting inclusive entrepreneurship intermediaries, sustained commitment to inclusive entrepreneurship, strengthening learning opportunities in the ecosystem, maintaining the ecosystem diversity and dynamics, improving the inclusive entrepreneurship facilities and managing the inputs and outputs of the ecosystem. The findings of this study can be used to develop IUEEs and achieve entrepreneurial cities.

Inclusive urban entrepreneurial ecosystem: An exploration of factors affecting organizational ambidexterity

“…In the process of developing our hypotheses, we consider the policies related to IUEE formation and evolution extracted from our comprehensive meta-synthesis study (see Shakiba et al, 2022), and examine them in relation to five factors that affect the ambidexterity of IUEEs' organizations (an IUEE's ambidexterity power). 2 The five factors are networking capability, learning orientation, diversity, commitment to collaboration, and promotion of IUEE culture.…”

“…Today, city governors are thinking of dynamic and agile EEs to make their cities more attractive for development (Acs et al, 2017;Isenberg, 2014). This article was conducted in the form of testing the effect of five factors on the OA of IUEEs' organizations to prove the IUEEs' formation and evolution policies in an article conducted by Shakiba et al (2022). But in fact, an IUEE has other policies that need to be considered for its growth and prosperity.…”

“…What is an IUEE? An IUEE is a system composed of a set of actors with different motives, goals, power relations, and capabilities interacting with each other, which through participation try to provide a suitable climate for creating business for all entrepreneurs (Shakiba et al., 2022). The expansion of IUEE has mainly been premised upon the failure of (inclusive) entrepreneurship programs like just paying microcredit aimed at adjusting the conditions (for entrepreneurship or subjective well‐being) for the poor to start a business, which may requires additional supports (Karlan & Zinman, 2011; Angelucci et al., 2015; Guérin et al., 2015; Khavul et al., 2013; Sutter et al., 2019; Anyansi‐Archibong, 2021; Shakiba et al., 2020).…”

“…Entrepreneurship emerges from the framework of socio‐cultural structures (Spilling, 1996). Collective action with the same actors or the same interaction with multiple actors constitutes the behavioral patterns (common values) during the time helping others predict future behaviors (Shakiba et al., 2022; Ostrom, 1990). This can ultimately become shared norms of interaction at an operational level (Lee et al., 2012) and nurture new entrepreneurs through pro‐social or co‐evolutional behaviors.…”

“… See Shakiba et al (2020) for more information on how to model an IUEE.4 Refer toShakiba et al (2022) for more information on the roles and responsibilities of these organizations in the IUEEs.…”