Incidência e prevalência de úlcera por pressão no CTI de um Hospital Público do DF

Abstract

doi: 10.5216/ree.v12i4.8481 A úlcera por pressão (UP) é um problema de saúde que envolve a equipe multiprofissional de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), sobretudo a equipe de Enfermagem. Podem agravar o quadro clínico do paciente aumentando o tempo de internação. Objetivou-se neste estudo verificar a prevalência pontual e a incidência das UP na UTI Adulto de um serviço de Saúde Público do Distrito Federal. Estudo descritivo e quantitativo de caráter observacional, realizado no período de outubro/2006 a julho/2007. A amostra constituiu de todos os clientes internados na UTI no período da coleta e que atendessem aos critérios de exclusão estabelecidos. Foi elaborado um instrumento de coleta de dados previamente validado. A prevalência pontual identificada foi de 57,89%. A incidência estabelecida foi de 37,03% corroborando com a literatura. Cerca de metade das úlceras apareceram entre o 2º e o 4º dia de avaliação. Segundo a Escala de Braden, 55,5% dos pacientes apresentavam alto risco de desenvolver UP, destes, 40% desenvolveram. Os resultados obtidos fornecem subsídios que podem contribuir para melhorar a assistência prestada aos pacientes e para implementação de estratégias de redução destes agravos. Descritores: Úlcera por pressão; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva; Enfermagem; Incidência; Prevalência.

Pressure Injuries: clinical and risk profile of patients and characteristics of injuries

“…The location of the PI of the patients studied, both already admitted with PI as those that developed after admission to the ICU, the most evident was the sacral (30.0% and 33.3% respectively), as other studies that achieved the same finding with similar percentages of 33.3% [4], 36% [18] 50% [20] and 60% [8]. It is appropriate to mention that the gluteal region stood out in another study 20% [8], and the anatomical region that had featured in several studies was the heel with 20% [20], 22% [18] and 69.2% [19], which came in second place in this study, with 25%.…”

“…They also claim that this condition favors the emergence of PI in the lower part of the body [19,22], justifying the findings of this study, as the most affected areas by PI were the most vulnerable to the effects of friction and shear that, coupled with the pressure, were instrumental in the genesis of injury [8].…”

“…Another study showed similar percentage, in which the highrisk was present in 55.5% [8] of the cases. These data reinforce the vulnerability of critical patient treated in the ICU, considering their severity during the hospital stay and the predictive validity that BS provides to professionals, making it possible to diagnose risk situations and assess what are the most appropriate action to be taken before the clinical evidence of the patient [8].…”

“…It is appropriate to mention that the gluteal region stood out in another study 20% [8], and the anatomical region that had featured in several studies was the heel with 20% [20], 22% [18] and 69.2% [19], which came in second place in this study, with 25%.…”

“…Despite the lack of national data, studies in different scenarios of ICUs (Intensive Care Units) in Brazil in recent years, bring contributions, revealing an incidence between 13.95% [7] and 37% [8] and a prevalence of 17.79% [7] and 58% [8]. At the local level, a study conducted in the same reality which the present study was carried out got an incidence of 22.2% [9].…”