Incidence of Parasitoids Attacking Endemic Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Populations in New Brunswick

Miller, C. A.; Renault, Tristan

doi:10.4039/ent1081045-10

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The mean development time increased by 14~o and 26~o over that of white spruce when larvae fed on red and black spruce diets, indicating the lower quality of the red and black spruce foliage. Such longer development times could render the larvae more susceptible to parasitoids (Miller & Renault, 1976;Weseloh et al, 1983), thereby reducing the number of larvae and amount of defoliation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food consumption and utilization by 6th‐instar larvae of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana: a comparison on three Picea (spruce) species

Thomas

1989

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The effects of tree species, shoot age, and sex of larvae on food consumption and utilization were investigated in a factorial experiment. Diets prepared from lyophilized and powdered current‐year shoots, from two age classes (sample dates) of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea rubra Sarg., and Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., were evaluated for eight performance criteria. All factors had significant effects on all criteria except for tree species on assimilation efficiency, shoot age on development time, and sex on net growth efficiency. Eight of the possible 24 two‐factor interactions and one of the possible eight three‐factor interactions were significant. Food utilization efficiencies and relative growth rate were in the low and moderate characterization limits for immature arthropods; relative consumption rates were high. The higher performance values on Picea glauca were related to this species greater vulnerability to spruce budworm. Performance criteria of similar larvae on an artificial diet were compared with those on the foliage‐diets. Résumé Des aliments utilisées par des larves de Tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette, Choristoneura fumiferana L'auteur a déterminé la quantité d'aliments utilisées, à 22 ± 0,5 °C, par des larves de Tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette parvenues à leur sixième stade de développement qui s'étaient nourries d'un régime artificiel et d'aiguilles de l'année en cours lyophilisées et réduites en poudre, prélevées à deux dates différentes, à 10 jours d'intervalle, et provenant d'épinettes blanches (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss), d'épinettes rouges (Picea rubra Sarg.) et d'épinettes noires (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.). Les femelles ont invariablement ingéré une quantité significativement plus importante de tous les régimes que les mâles, consommant 24% de plus d'aiguilles d'épinette noire et 73 % de plus d'aiguilles d'épinette blanche. Les femelles prenaient en général plus de temps pour parvenir au stade de chrysalide et avaient un taux d'utilisation des aliments significativement plus élevé. L'efficacité nette de la croissance chez les deux sexes ne présentait toutefois aucune différence significative. La performance des larves ayant ingéré des aiguilles provenant de deux classes d'âge différait de façon significative mais non pas uniforme d'un régime à l'autre: les aiguilles d'épinette blanche plus récentes donnaient une performance généralement plus élevée contrairement aux aiguilles plus jeunes d'épinette rouge et d'épinette noire. Les larves ingéraient une quantité significativement plus élevée, avaient un taux de consommation et de croissance supérieur et augmentaient davantage leur biomasse avec des aiguilles d'épinette blanche. L'efficacité d'utilisation des aliments et le taux de croissance relatif étaient de faibles à modérément faibles pour un lépidoptère arboricole phyllophage; la vitesse d'ingestion relative était élevée. La qualité des aiguilles des trois essences d'épinettes était faible. Les aiguilles d'épinette blanche permettaient aux larves d'avoir une p...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food consumption and utilization by 6th‐instar larvae of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana: a comparison on three Picea (spruce) species

Thomas

1989

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…With the exception of a few studies on the taxonomy of E. cacoeciae and reports of its occurrence in nature (e.g., Dowden et al 1948Dowden et al , 1950Carolin and Coulter 1959;Torgersen 1969;Lindquist 1973;Miller andRenault 1976, 1981;Hanson 1982;Schauff 1985;Huber et al 1996), very little is known of the biology of E. cacoeciae and its role in the population dynamics of spruce budworm and its other hosts. In this paper, we report the results of field and laboratory experiments designed to elucidate various aspects of the biology of this little known parasitoid, including parasitism rates, oviposition behavior, age-specific and realized fecundity, size, development, and longevity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RESISTANCE TO THE FLEA BEETLE PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN FALSE FLAX, CAMELINA SATIVA (BRASSICACEAE)

1998

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The Canadian Entomologist 130: 215 -229 (1998) We carried out a 2-year study to elucidate the biology of the gregarious, idiobiont ectoparasitoid Elachertus cacoeciae (Howard) by placing (implanting) laboratoryreared spruce budworm larvae [Choristoneura fumferana (Clemens)] on curreatyear balsam fir (Abies balsamea L.) shoots in the field, simulating low (endemic) densities of the budworm. Spring female E. cacoeciae attacked fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-instar budworm larvae, beginning near the predicted peak of the fourth instar and ending about 10-12 days after the predicted peak of the pupal stage of the wild budworm population. The mean (fSE) brood size of spring females was 2.9 f 0.3 E. cacoeciae pupae per host. The proportion of females increased during the season, with many broods consisting of 100% females late in the season. In 1994 and 1995, the mean proportion of females was 0.74 f 0.05 and 0.79 + 0.05, respectively. In the laboratory, development time from eggs to adults was approximately 20 days at 20.6OC. Adult males provided with honey water lived 43.6 f 3.2 days, whereas females provided with hosts and honey water lived 90.1 f 6.6 days.Spring females had a pre-oviposition period of 11.5 + 1.3 days, resulting in a generation time (egg to egg) of -31 days. The oviposition period lasted 76.3 f 7.7 days during which time spring females parasitized 19.2 f 1.9 hosts, and produced a clutch size of 4.9 f 0.4 eggs per host, for a lifetime fecundity of 96.8 f 14.7 eggs.The post-oviposition period was 18.5 + 3.7 days. Throughout their lifetime, spring females host fed only (host feeding without oviposition) on an additional 9.3 + 1.9hosts. Approximately 2% of pupae developing from spring females overwintered, whereas approximately 95% of pupae developing from summer females overwintered. Laboratory results for summer females suggest that they may be adapted to parasitizing alternate host(s) rather than spruce budworm.

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“…For example, Choristoneura fumiferana is attacked by a large number of parasite species in Canada. Although there is some evidence to suggest that these parasites play an important role in maintaining moth populations at low levels between outbreaks, they fail to prevent periodic eruptions of the moth (Balch 1960;Miller and Renault 1976). Parasites of the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis, are unable to respond to increases in host abundance, and thus may exert little density-dependent influence Can.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population size, variability, and aggregation among forest lepidoptera in southern Ontario

Dean¹,

Ricklefs²

1980

Can. J. Zool.

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DEAN, J. M., and R. E. RICKLEFS. 1980. Population size, variability, and aggregation among forest lepidoptera in southern Ontario. Can. J. Zool. 58: 394-399. Abundance, variability, and aggregation of larval populations of 162 species of lepidoptera, feeding on the foliage of primarily deciduous trees in southern Ontario, were analyzed to test four hypotheses about the relationship of species to their resources. The lepidoptera larvae were treated both as exploiters of foliage and as resources for parasitoids. Multiple regression and partial correlation analysis revealed that (1) the abundance and variability of a moth population were independent of the diversity of host trees fed upon, (2) the incidence of parasitism on a moth population was independent of the variability of the host population, and (3) the diversity of parasites of a moth was independent of the variability of the host population. We raise the possibility that parasites may be ineffective control agents for lepidoptera species. DEAN, J. M., et R. E. RICKLEFS. 1980. Population size, variability, and aggregation among forest lepidopterain southern Ontario. Can. J. Zool. 58: 394-399. L'analyse de I'abondance, de la variabilite et de la contagion des populations larvaires de 162 especes de lepidopteres qui se nourrissent du feuillage surtout d'arbres decidus dans le sud de I'Ontario a permis de mettre a I'epreuve quatre hypotheses sur les relations especes-ressources. Les larves des Iepidopteres ont ete considerees a la fois comme des exploiteurs de feuillage et des h6tes de parasitoi'des. Des analyses de regression multiple et de correlation partielle ont demontre que ( I ) I'abondance et la variabilite d'un population de papillons de nuit sont independants de la diversite des arbres dont ils se nourrissent, (2) que la presence de parasites au sein d'une population de papillons de nuit est independante de la variabilite de la population-h6te et (3) que la diversite des parasites chez un papillon de nuit est independante de la variabilite de la population de papillons de nuit. I1 est possible que les parasites ne soient pas des agents de contrBle efficaces des Iepidopteres.[Traduit par le journal]

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Incidence of Parasitoids Attacking Endemic Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Populations in New Brunswick

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Food consumption and utilization by 6th‐instar larvae of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana: a comparison on three Picea (spruce) species

Food consumption and utilization by 6th‐instar larvae of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana: a comparison on three Picea (spruce) species

RESISTANCE TO THE FLEA BEETLE PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN FALSE FLAX, CAMELINA SATIVA (BRASSICACEAE)

Population size, variability, and aggregation among forest lepidoptera in southern Ontario

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