RESISTANCE TO THE FLEA BEETLE PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN FALSE FLAX, CAMELINA SATIVA (BRASSICACEAE)

Abstract

The Canadian Entomologist 130: 215 -229 (1998) We carried out a 2-year study to elucidate the biology of the gregarious, idiobiont ectoparasitoid Elachertus cacoeciae (Howard) by placing (implanting) laboratoryreared spruce budworm larvae [Choristoneura fumferana (Clemens)] on curreatyear balsam fir (Abies balsamea L.) shoots in the field, simulating low (endemic) densities of the budworm. Spring female E. cacoeciae attacked fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-instar budworm larvae, beginning near the predicted peak of the fourth instar and ending about 10-12 days after the predicted peak of the pupal stage of the wild budworm population. The mean (fSE) brood size of spring females was 2.9 f 0.3 E. cacoeciae pupae per host. The proportion of females increased during the season, with many broods consisting of 100% females late in the season. In 1994 and 1995, the mean proportion of females was 0.74 f 0.05 and 0.79 + 0.05, respectively. In the laboratory, development time from eggs to adults was approximately 20 days at 20.6OC. Adult males provided with honey water lived 43.6 f 3.2 days, whereas females provided with hosts and honey water lived 90.1 f 6.6 days.Spring females had a pre-oviposition period of 11.5 + 1.3 days, resulting in a generation time (egg to egg) of -31 days. The oviposition period lasted 76.3 f 7.7 days during which time spring females parasitized 19.2 f 1.9 hosts, and produced a clutch size of 4.9 f 0.4 eggs per host, for a lifetime fecundity of 96.8 f 14.7 eggs.The post-oviposition period was 18.5 + 3.7 days. Throughout their lifetime, spring females host fed only (host feeding without oviposition) on an additional 9.3 + 1.9hosts. Approximately 2% of pupae developing from spring females overwintered, whereas approximately 95% of pupae developing from summer females overwintered. Laboratory results for summer females suggest that they may be adapted to parasitizing alternate host(s) rather than spruce budworm.

Agronomic and seed quality evaluation of Camelina sativa in western Canada

“…In contrast, no feeding damage was noted in the C. sativa plots even though flea beetles were observed on the plants. High resistance to flea beetle feeding has been reported for C. sativa (Pachagounder et al 1998;Soroka et al 2003), although the resistance may have resulted from the absence of cues that initiate feeding rather than a feeding deterrent (Pachagounder et al 1998). Blackleg disease [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desmaz.)…”

Camelina ( Camelina sativa ).

“…Camelina is tolerant to many insect pests such as the crucifer flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)) (Pachagounder et al, 1998;Henderson et al, 2004) and the cabbage root fly (Delia brassicae Wiedemann (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)) (Finch, 1978). Camelina is also resistant to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans (Desmaz.)…”

Agronomic performance and seed quality attributes of Camelina (Camelina sativa L. crantz) in multi-environment trials across Europe and Canada

“…Interestingly, camelina was "rediscovered" in the last decade and has gained considerable research attention, as demonstrated by the high number of recently published scientific papers (reviewed in Berti et al, 2016) and the considerable number of large EU-funded projects (i.e., ICON; ITAKA, CORE, COSMOS), funded either within the FP7 (Framework Program 7) or Horizon 2020. In North America, camelina has been identified as a promising oilseed crop in view of relatively low agricultural input requirements (Ehrensing and Guy, 2008;Obour et al, 2015;Robinson, 1987), resistance to common Brassica pests (Carcamo et al, 2007;Deng et al, 2004;Pachagounder et al, 1998;Singh and Sachan, 1997), and diseases (reviewed in: Séguin-Swartz et al, 2009;Vollmann and Eynck, 2015), as well as tolerance to drought (Hunsaker et al, 2011(Hunsaker et al, , 2013 and low temperature (Putnam et al, 1993).…”