Incidence of<i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i>Cankers on Scarlet Oak (<i>Quercus coccinea</i>) in Pennsylvania

Torsello, Mary L.; Davis, Donald D.; Nash, Bruce

doi:10.1094/pd-78-0313

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The dispersal distance of chestnut blight is probably quite large because the spores are dispersed by wind and birds, so if spores in this area are ubiquitous, probability of infection could be related to factors other than distance from infection. Although chestnut blight has been identified with and without pycnidia or stroma on scarlet oaks (Quercus coccinea) and possibly could be present on other oaks (Torsello et al, 1994), signs of spore dispersal on tree species besides chestnut were never observed in this study area. It seems more likely that the major source of blight inoculum in this area is other infected or recently dead chestnut stems, but the epidemiological importance of blight's ability to grow on other species merits further study.…”

Section: Variablecontrasting

confidence: 57%

The effects of logging and disease on American chestnut

Burke

2011

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Variablecontrasting

confidence: 57%

The effects of logging and disease on American chestnut

Burke

2011

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Although chestnut blight has been identified with and without pycnidia or stroma on scarlet oaks (Quercus coccinea) and possibly could be present on other oaks (Torsello et al, 1994), signs of spore dispersal on tree species besides chestnut were never observed in this study area. It seems more likely that the major source of blight inoculum in this area is other infected or recently dead chestnut stems, but the epidemiological importance of blight's ability to grow on other species merits further study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…However, there are multiple attributes of chestnut blight that are associated with host population extinction in modeling scenarios (de Castro andBolker 2005, Antonovics 2009). Firstly, chestnut blight can continue to grow saprophytically on dead host stems for two years (Prospero et al 2006), and has been observed with pycnidia on reservoir hosts such as Q. coccinea (Torsello et al 1994). However, chestnut blight reproductive structures were never observed in this study's area on hosts other than those in the genus Castanea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance History and Decline of American Chestnut

Burke¹

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Invasive diseases can interact with other disturbances and the environment to affect host population decline, realized niche, and interspecific interactions. In my dissertation, I sampled oak-chestnut forests first sampled for vegetation composition 66-89 years ago and conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effects of variance in environment, in invasive disease prevalence, in logging history, and in deer browsing on the abundance, realized niche, and survival of a declining host tree in southwestern Virginia, USA. The disease and host I studied were American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), a disease introduced in the early 1900's that received national attention due to chestnut's timber value and ubiquity.Two sources of mortality studied here, in addition to chestnut blight, had significant effects on chestnut abundance and survival.Current chestnut abundance was significantly lower in areas where preblight chestnuts were logged than in areas where they were not logged.Since chestnut is highly palatable to deer, high levels of deer browsing significantly increased chestnut mortality rate, which affects its interactions with other understory species.Pre-blight chestnut abundance was not predictive of post-blight chestnut abundance. Multiple regressions of principal components representing the environment with pre-blight and current chestnut abundance demonstrated that chestnuts are now more restricted to iii areas with slopes and aspects receiving high light (southern to western facing slopes) and xeric species than pre-blight chestnut was. When assessing a study area with larger variation in elevation, chestnut abundance was also related to elevation and moderately acidic soil pH.Although chestnut blight was predicted to be less prevalent in environments where chestnut abundance was higher, this prediction was not supported. Chestnut blight prevalence was not significantly related to any measured environmental variable, was independent of chestnut density, and infected an average of 15% of chestnuts, regardless of chestnut abundance. This work highlights the drastic change in chestnut's interactions with the environment now that chestnut blight is endemic across its range and the need for a better understanding of chestnut blight's spatiotemporal dynamics.iv

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“…However, impact and disease severity has been stalled due to natural higher resistance in the European chestnut and the presence of natural hypovirulence in the pathogen (Anagnostakis 1987;Heiniger & Rigling 1994;Bissegger et al 1997;Milgroom & Cortesi 2004). In the United States and in some European countries, C. parasitica has also been found on some species of Quercus (Torsello et al 1994;Rad ocz & Tarcali 2005), although blight symptoms are not as severe as in Castanea (Rad ocz & Tarcali 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%