The effects of logging and disease on American chestnut

Burke, Katie L.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.023

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The current distribution of C. dentata in my study area was most strongly associated with elevation, which is a strong driver of daily and annual temperature regimes (Fridley 2009). I found that C. dentata was uncommon below 900 m, but its occurrence increased rapidly between 900 m to 1,200 m. My findings agree with Burke (2011), who reported that the presence of C. dentata sprouts in Virginia was more likely on sites with elevations >857 m.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…An explanation for the rare occurrence of C. dentata at low elevations in my study area is unknown, but a possible explanation could be from the detrimental effects of logging (Burke 2011) and also from lethal effects of the exotic root disease P. cinnamomi on species of the genus Castanea (Crandall et al 1945). This disease is associated with warm and wet soil conditions (Nesbitt et al 1979), such as provided by heavy clay and highly eroded soils common at low elevations, where chestnut mortality was reported before arrival of C. parasitica (Holmes andBradfield 1907, in Rhoades et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Evidence that Castanea Dentata Persists on Xeric, Mid-Elevation Sites in the Southern Appalachians

McNab

2017

Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science

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Castanea dentata (American chestnut) persists today in the southern Appalachian forests of North Carolina as sparsely occurring sprouting root systems. The introduction of two exotic fungal diseases into North America, root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in the early 1800s and chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in the early 1900s, eliminated C. dentata as a dominant canopy species. Identifying and understanding the characteristics of sites where C. dentata persists could offer insights for management and restoration. Using a regional forest inventory and analysis (FIA) database, I studied the ecology of C. dentata on 831 forested sample plots in 21 mountainous counties of western North Carolina. The purpose of my study was to determine if the presence of C. dentata was associated with common topographic variables and the co-occurrence of other tree species that could be used in a regression model for evaluation of sites for potential management activities. I found that C. dentata occurred on only 3.5% of the sample plots. Its presence was directly associated with elevation >900 m, positively related to the co-occurring species Quercus prinus (chestnut oak) and Q. rubra (northern red oak), and negatively related to Liriodendron tulipifera (yellow-poplar). Logistic regression revealed poor performance of formulations with multiple significant biological variables (i.e., tree species) because of multicollinearity effects with elevation. Good model performance was achieved with a two-variable formulation using elevation and a weighted averages score derived from direct gradient analysis and ordination of moisture affinities of the 30 tree species in the study plots. An explanation for the effect of elevation on occurrence of C. dentata on sites >900 m is unknown, but the arborescent species scores suggest probable xeric to subxeric plot moisture regimes. Limitations of the FIA data for my study were many including few plots with C. dentata, lack of plot soil characteristics and history of disturbance from fire. Results from my study may have application to rank forest sites for investigation of biological control of C. parasitica through hypovirulence and for identifying stands for application of silvicultural practices to reduce environmental stress and increase survival of existing root systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evidence that Castanea Dentata Persists on Xeric, Mid-Elevation Sites in the Southern Appalachians

McNab

2017

Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science

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“…The responses of CO 2 and N 2 O emissions in Chinese chestnut plantations to various fertilization treatments have also been studied (Zhang et al, 2013). Moreover, the effects of climatic stress, geographic location, elevation, and terrain on Chinese chestnut have been reported (Vázquez et al, 2001;Burke, 2011;Álvarez-Lafuente et al, 2018).…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Plant Geospatial Model for Identifying Chestnut Yield‐Limiting Factors

et al. 2019

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The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) is an essential and highly nutritious nut crop, and income from selling chestnuts is important for small producers. Despite chestnuts being widely planted, chestnut yields are decreasing in northern China. The hypothesis of this paper is that yield reduction is the result of complex topographic conditions, insufficient soil nutrients, unscientific fertilization, and limited availability of productive land. The objective was to create a plant social geospatial model-geographical detector for analyzing the strength of the association between chestnut yields and their potential determinants. In this model system, we used measured data from chestnut to highlight how a geospatial model can be used to identify complex relationships among soil, plants, and geospatial location. Four geographical detectors (i.e., risk, factor, ecological, and interaction) were proposed on the basis of spatial variation analysis. The model was then applied to Qianxi County of Hebei Province in China. Soil parent material, soil texture, and total power of farm machinery were found to be the key factors. The interactive effect of any two factors increased chestnut yield, and the interaction between parent material and total power of farm machinery resulted in the highest yield. The study's approach and findings make it possible to introduce effective and practical measures to increase chestnut yield. Strategies to increase chestnut yield need to be designed with spatial variables being considered.

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“…Historical literature and examination of sprouts and remnants of older trees indicates that American chestnut preferred rich, non-calcareous, well-drained, acidic to slightly acidic soils (pH ~4-6), and was a dominant component of slopes and ridge-tops throughout Appalachia but grew poorly in wet soils (Abrams and Ruffner, 1995;Abrams and McCay, 1996;Braun, 1950;Burke, 2011;Frothingham, 1912;Paillet, 2002;Russell, 1987;Wang et al, 2013). Chestnut's abundance on the landscape varied with many factors including land use history, but it reportedly accounted for approximately 25% of the virgin timber in the southern Appalachians and more than 50% of the timber in some second-growth forests (Braun, 1950, Buttrick, 1915Frothingham, 1912).…”

Section: American Chestnut's Ecology Distribution and Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Establishing American Chestnut on Mined Lands in the Appalachian Coalfields

French¹,

Barton²,

McCarthy³

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental Solutions for Oil, Gas, and Mining

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American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was formerly a major component of forests throughout the Appalachian coalfield and beyond. Chestnut's strong, lightweight wood was naturally rot-resistant, making it a preferred timber tree for many purposes. Unlike many other nut-producing trees that flower early in the year, American chestnuts flower in June and July, so they were less susceptible to a late freeze or frost that could damage the flowers. Due in part to its late flowering, American chestnuts produced a reliable and abundant nut crop that was an important source of nutrition for wildlife, livestock, and humans.

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The effects of logging and disease on American chestnut

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Evidence that Castanea Dentata Persists on Xeric, Mid-Elevation Sites in the Southern Appalachians

Evidence that Castanea Dentata Persists on Xeric, Mid-Elevation Sites in the Southern Appalachians

Development of a Plant Geospatial Model for Identifying Chestnut Yield‐Limiting Factors

Re-Establishing American Chestnut on Mined Lands in the Appalachian Coalfields

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