Incidence of Egyptian Live Births of Cleft Lip and/or Palate in Cairo, Luxor, Aswan and New Valley Governorates: A Survey Study in 237,783 Children

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, cleft types distribution and etiological risk factors among newly born babies with cleft lip and/or palate (CL±P) in four governorate of the Arab Republic of Egypt, beginning the 1st of January 2013 till the 31st of December 2013. Material and Methods: Total 237,783 newly born babies from Cairo (162174), Aswan (42880), Luxor (32729), and New Valley (877) governorate in the Arab Republic of Egypt were included in this study. Incidence of CL±P babies per 1000 births was calculated in each district for the four studied governorates. Percentage distribution of cleft types within each governorate. Chi-square test was used for determining significance of difference of incidence and percentages within and between the governorates. Results: The mean prevalence value of CL±P in the four Egyptian studied governorates was 0.40/1000. The highest percentage of cleft type was cleft lip and palate followed by cleft lip and isolated cleft palate. The highest etiological risk factor was maternal passive smoking in the four studied governorates followed by consanguineous marriage and medicine intake during pregnancy. Conclusion: These data provided a picture of the prevalence of CL±P in four different governorate of Egypt and also provided a useful reference for cleft types distribution and etiological risk factors of CL±P data in Egypt and internationally.

Clinical and Demographical Characteristics of Cleft Lip and/or Palate in the Northwest of Iran: An Analysis of 1500 Patients

“…These congenital anomalies happen 1 in every 500 to 1000 births at the various ethnic groups and geographic regions (Dixon et al, 2011; Alfwaress et al, 2017; Sharif et al, 2019). These defects are one of the most common congenital anomalies with the multifactorial inheritance of threshold character (Abdollahi Fakhim et al, 2019; Alswairki et al, 2019; Sakran et al, 2020). It is suggested that the multiple genes and environmental factors are associated with the formation of this anomaly (Alswairki et al, 2019; Abdollahi Fakhim et al, 2020).…”

“…These defects are one of the most common congenital anomalies with the multifactorial inheritance of threshold character (Abdollahi Fakhim et al, 2019; Alswairki et al, 2019; Sakran et al, 2020). It is suggested that the multiple genes and environmental factors are associated with the formation of this anomaly (Alswairki et al, 2019; Abdollahi Fakhim et al, 2020). Moreover, the impact of other factors such as socioeconomic status, consanguineous marriage, passive maternal smoking, and regular alcohol intake on the increased risk of these defects has been reported (Dixon et al, 2011; Vrijheid et al, 2011).…”

Orofacial Cleft Frequency Differences Depending on Geographic Origin: Coast vs. Inland

“…These differences in cleft type incidence depending on geographic region may exist in other parts of the world. In Egypt, Luxor appeared to have more cases of cleft lip only and no cleft palate only than Cairo (16). In Iran, the incidence of cleft lip and palate, but not the other cleft types, was increased between 2002 and 2011, in comparison with 1982 and 2001 (17).…”