Incidence of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas in a Population Younger Than 40 Years

Christenson, Leslie J.; Borrowman, Theresa A.; Vachon, Celine M.; Tollefson, Megha M.; Otley, Clark C.; Weaver, Amy L.; Roenigk, Randall K.

doi:10.1001/jama.294.6.681

Cited by 503 publications

(451 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…8 Analysis of the entire population with head and neck CSCC, including patients with regional disease (n=103) showed that women are affected significantly later (p<0.0012), probably due to a lesser degree of sun exposure and longer life expectancy. 19,20 Detailed histopathological analysis has identified perineural invasion as a risk factor for nodal metastasis. However, the analysis yielded no significant correlations between other tumor characteristics and metastatic disease rate, which can likely be attributed to a relatively small sample size, low inadequate excision rate and the lack of additional detailed histopatologic data gathered for analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of clinical stage, extent of surgery and outcome in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Svetina

Lukšić

2013

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of clinical stage, extent of surgery and outcome in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Svetina

Lukšić

2013

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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“…The costs of screening and treatment of these cancers continue to burden health systems of many countries (Diepgen and Mahler, 2002;de Vries et al, 2004;Christenson et al, 2005), thus improved prevention would have widespread benefit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food intake and risk of basal cell carcinoma in an 11-year prospective study of Australian adults

et al. 2010

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Background/Objective: Experimental studies suggest that dietary factors may influence skin cancer risk, but there have been few human studies of diet and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common type of skin cancer. The objective was to prospectively investigate the association between food intake and incidence of BCC skin cancers. Subjects/Methods: At baseline in 1992, 1056 adults in a subtropical Australian community completed a validated foodfrequency questionnaire from which we estimated the intake of 15 food groups, selected based on hypothesized associations in the literature. Between 1992 and 2002, incident, histologically confirmed BCCs were recorded in terms of number of persons newly affected by BCC, as well as BCC tumor counts. Results: Intakes of the food groups were not associated with the incidence of persons affected by BCC. However, there was a borderline positive association between intake of eggs and incidence of BCC tumors (highest vs lowest tertile adjusted relative risk (RR) 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-2.2; P for trend ¼ 0.06). A borderline inverse association with potato intake (highest vs lowest tertile RR 0.7; 95% CI: 0.4-1.0, P for trend ¼ 0.06) disappeared after exclusion of three subjects with more than 10 BCCs. Conclusion: Despite some suggestive evidence that egg and potato consumption may be associated with BCC tumor incidence, there are no plausible grounds for considering these as truly causal rather than chance associations. This study provides little evidence for a role of food intake in BCC prevention.

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“…Over the past 40 years there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of BCC, and it is estimated that nearly 30% of Caucasians living in areas of high ambient sun exposure will develop a BCC (Miller and Weinstock, 1994). Furthermore, the incidence of BCC is rising in younger populations, especially among women (Christenson et al, 2005). Although the case fatality rate of BCCs is low, the high incidence and frequent occurrence of multiple primary tumors in affected individuals leads to significant morbidity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Hedgehog pathway targets against basal cell carcinoma

Tang

Epstein

2007

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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The Hedgehog signaling pathway plays a key role in directing growth and patterning during embryonic development and is required in vertebrates for the normal development of many structures, including the neural tube, axial skeleton, skin, and hair. Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in adult tissue is associated with the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), medulloblastoma, and a subset of pancreatic, gastro-intestinal, and other cancers. This review will provide an overview of what is known about the mechanisms by which activation of Hedgehog signaling leads to the development of BCCs and will review two recent papers suggesting that agents that modulate sterol levels might influence the Hh pathway. Thus, sterols may be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of BCCs, and readily available agents such as statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) or vitamin D might be helpful in reducing BCC incidence. Epidemiology of Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common of all human cancers, affects close to 1 million Americans a year. Over the past 40 years there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of BCC, and it is estimated that nearly 30% of Caucasians living in areas of high ambient sun exposure will develop a BCC (Miller and Weinstock, 1994). Furthermore, the incidence of BCC is rising in younger populations, especially among women (Christenson et al., 2005). Although the case fatality rate of BCCs is low, the high incidence and frequent occurrence of multiple primary tumors in affected individuals leads to significant morbidity. BCCs characteristically arise in sun-exposed body areas, most commonly on the head and neck, but also occur on the trunk and extremities. There are three accepted environmental insults for BCC development: ultraviolet radiation (UV), ionizing radiation (IR), and arsenic. Interindividual differences in the susceptibility to BCC development have been recognized for many years. Epidemiologic studies have identified phenotypic features such as fair skin and freckling tendency that are associated with an increased susceptibility to BCCs (Rubin et al., 2005).It is generally accepted that BCC can be caused by UV exposure from the sun. While the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is strongly related to cumulative sun exposure, sunlight's exact role in BCC development remains less clear (Armstrong and Kricker, 2001). Thus, epidemiologic studies have shown that BCC risk correlates better with intermittent sun exposure (i.e. childhood sunburns, weekend sun exposure) than with cumulative lifetime sun exposure (Corona et al., 2001). Hence, the timing, dose, and duration of UV exposure are critical to carcinogenesis, but UV seems to have a different role in SCC versus BCC carcinogenesis development. Consistent with this, a randomized clinical trial of daily sunscreen use showed that sunscreen reduced the incidence of SCC but not BCC. The daily application of an SPF 15 sunscreen to the head, neck, arms, and hands over a 4-5 year period had no e...

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Incidence of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas in a Population Younger Than 40 Years

Cited by 503 publications

References 42 publications

Significance of clinical stage, extent of surgery and outcome in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Significance of clinical stage, extent of surgery and outcome in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Food intake and risk of basal cell carcinoma in an 11-year prospective study of Australian adults

Novel Hedgehog pathway targets against basal cell carcinoma

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