Incidence of anti-HBc antibody (IgG and IgM) among HBsAg negative apparently healthy blood donors

Shil, Nittyananda; Biswas, Jolly; Khatun, Ayesha; Rahman, Atiar; Sultana, Nahid; Easmin, Fatema; Sormin, Sonia

doi:10.3329/bsmmuj.v9i4.30241

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“… 23 , 24 Studies from Bangladesh, Italy, and Korea also reported high anti-HBc-positive status in older donors, which was attributed to the acquisition of HBV infections in earlier years when HBV was highly endemic. 30 , 31 , 32 Although the prevalence of HBV infection is still high in Nigeria, declining rates have been reported. 33 This study suggests that donors younger than 35 years may be less likely to have HBV infection or be an occult HBV carrier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety

et al. 2022

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Background: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing improves transfusion safety by detecting past and current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection while detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serology-negative HBV infection. However, occult HBV infection (OBI) (serum or liver HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative) remains unaddressed among replacement blood donors – family members or friends who donate to replace blood transfused to a relative.Objective: This study assessed risk factors for a positive anti-HBc test among donors with OBI and determined the anti-HBc-positive status of replacement donors.Methods: The study was conducted at the University College Hospital Blood Bank, Ibadan, Nigeria, using blood samples collected from blood donors between April 2019 and May 2019. Donors were screened for HBsAg by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and anti-HBc by ELISA, while HBV DNA was detected using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction.Results: Of the 274 participants, 15 (5.5%) were HBsAg-positive by RDT and 36 (13.1%) by ELISA, while 133 (48.5%) were anti-HBc positive. Out of 232 HBsAg-negative donors, 107 (46.1%) were anti-HBc positive. Of the 107 HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples, only one (0.93%) was HBV DNA-positive. The HBV DNA-positive donor was HBsAg-negative by both RDT and ELISA tests.Conclusion: This study establishes a potential risk for HBV transmission from isolated anti-HBc-positive donors to blood recipients. HBc immunoglobulin (antibody) M testing to identify blood units requiring further screening with polymerase chain reaction to detect OBI can prevent HBV transmission through blood transfusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety

et al. 2022

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“…[ 24 ] The donor loss caused by universal anti-HBc screening was considered sustainable in low-endemic countries, though, it is generally admitted that, rejecting anti-HBc reactive blood would severely affect blood supply in medium-to-high endemic areas like Bangladesh where the prevalence of anti-HBc is high (11.7%–22.6%). [ 18 20 ] Moreover, it gives inaccurate information on HBV infection among rejected donors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The situation has been worsened by the fact that about 5%–8% apparently healthy people of Bangladesh are chronically infected with the HBV[ 17 ] and high prevalence of anti-HBc (11.7%–22.6%) has been reported among healthy individuals. [ 18 19 20 ] Therefore, it is essential to establish a new protocol for blood screening to ensure the prevention of TAHBV infection without hampering blood availability, which is the aim of the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reappraisal of screening strategy in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donors: Correlation with hepatitis B virus-DNA quantification

Alam¹,

Samdani²,

Hassan³

2022

Asian J Transfus Sci

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BACKGROUND: In spite of screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), transfusion-associated hepatitis B virus (TAHBV) infection remains a serious public health problem due to transmission of HBV in window period and occult HBV infection. To avoid TAHBV infection, some health-care facilities have started Hepatitis B core antibody test along with HBsAg, but this leads to a lot of potential donor rejection who are not HBV infected. Our aim is to find a new protocol of donor screening to prevent TAHBV without compromising blood availability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 88 HBsAg-negative anti-HBc total positive blood donors were included in this study. All samples were also tested for anti-HBs by enzyme immunoassay and for the presence of HBV-DNA viral load by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: A total of 88 HBsAg negative and anti-HBc, total positive blood donors were tested for anti-HBs and HBV-DNA (Qn.). Among them, 76 donors (86.4%) (males 73 and females 3) were found to be positive for anti-HBs, while rest 12 (13.6%) showed no detectable antibody against HBsAg. HBV-DNA was found to be positive in 4 (7.7%) donor samples among 52 (60%) who have anti-HBs level <100 mIU/ml, while 36 (40%) donor samples were found to have >100 mIU/ml anti-HBs antibody with no detectable HBV-DNA. CONCLUSION: HBV-DNA should be implemented as a screening test of the blood donors to prevent TAHBV infection without potential donor rejection.

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“…Developing country like Bangladesh may apply core antibody for donor screening (Table 1). [33][34][35][36][37] A study from West Bengal, India, a neighboring Indian province of Bangladesh has reported that 21.3% HBsAg negative and anti-HBcpositive blood donors were harboring HBV DNA in their blood. 38 Another study from India also showed that 7.5% of HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive blood was expressing HBV DNA.…”

Section: Hbv In Pregnant Woman Through Unsafe Blood Transfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HBsAg may absent in incubation period, 32,42 window period, 32,42 occult HBV infection, 33,43 mutant to surface antigen 32,43 and even after reactivation of resolved HBV infection. 34,42 Blood that is free of HBsAg but has high-titer core antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) can also transmit HBV infection. However, a small proportion of donors with anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg have circulating HBV DNA and may have a risk of infectivity (Figure 8).…”

Section: Hepatitis B Virus Screening In Pregnant Womanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B vaccination at birth: reduces perinatal transmission successfully

Mahmud¹,

Ahmed²

2020

IJVV

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important global health problem including Bangladesh. HBV carrier rate was found between 2-7% in many studies. After acute infection, chance of chronicity in adult is only 10%, but in neonate that is 90%. Out of these, 25% were suffering from acute liver failure & hepatocellular carcinoma and ultimate result is premature death. Chronic Hepatitis B Virus infection is not curable, only suppressing the activity with available treatment. So, prevention is better than cure. Active immunization is the single most important and effective preventive measure against HBV infection. Bangladesh introduced hepatitis B vaccination in children through Expanded Program on Immunization in 2005 which includes 3 doses without any birth dose. World Health Organization, Centre for disease control & prevention and American academy of pediatrics recommends since perinatal or early postnatal transmission is the most important source of chronic HBV infection globally, all infants should receive their first dose of hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible after birth, ideally within 24 hours or before discharging the mother from hospital. Now a days, 10 million Bangladeshis are suffering from HBV and 3.5% mother are infected with that virus. From another study, 21.5% pregnant woman having core antibody of HBV as many of them were unvaccinated. Faulty pregnancy and donor screening as well as inaccurate method of testing also responsible for perinatal transmission in Bangladesh. So, we are missing lots of HBV everyday in our daily practice. After implementation of birth dose, many countries reduced perinatal transmission and prevalence rate of HBV successfully.

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Incidence of anti-HBc antibody (IgG and IgM) among HBsAg negative apparently healthy blood donors

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety

Reappraisal of screening strategy in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donors: Correlation with hepatitis B virus-DNA quantification

Hepatitis B vaccination at birth: reduces perinatal transmission successfully

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