In vivo multimodal tumor imaging and photodynamic therapy with novel theranostic agents based on the porphyrazine framework-chelated gadolinium (III) cation

Gadolinium theranostics for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer

“…Complex stability can be improved by functionalization of the porphyrin side chains. Recently, Yuzhakova et al 20 synthesized two Gd(III)porphyrin chelates with different side chains. Both complexes showed improved MRI relaxivity when compared with the standard MRI contrast agent Magnevist s .…”

Design of polyazamacrocyclic Gd3+ theranostic agents combining magnetic resonance imaging and two-photon photodynamic therapy

“…[7][8][9][10] In most reported molecular systems, theranostic properties arise from the combination of two individual functionalities covalently connected into one single object 8,[11][12][13][14][15] with seldom report of "all-in-one" molecular bioprobe. 16,17 Most of the theranostic bioprobes contains transition metals or f-elements for their specific properties and, so far, Gd 3+ -based MRI is particularly concerned. 18,19 In this specific area, the commercially available cyclen-based ligand, dota (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10tetraacetic acid), which is a very strong lanthanide(III) chelator, is nowadays universally used as a Gd 3+ contrast agent (CA) in MRI.…”

Molecular Theranostic Agents for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

“…Koenig [46] and Furmanski [47] have studied gadolinium-incorporated porphyrins as MRI contrast agents and have observed stability problems with ion dissociation from the porphyrin during their studies in plasma and in mice. Recently, two porphyrazine-based compounds incorporating a Gd(III) ion, GdPz1, and GdPz2, which differ in the nature of their peripheral groups, have been obtained (Figure 3a) [48]. A good relaxivity value was obtained at a very high magnetic field (4.67 mM −1 •s −1 at 9.4 T) for GdPz1 once solubilized in polymer polyimide brushes.…”