Gadolinium theranostics for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer

Robertson, Amy G.; Rendina, Louis M.

doi:10.1039/d0cs01075h

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Developing agents with theranostics properties, both therapy and imaging, will improve early cancer detection and overall cancer management. The importance of theranostic agents in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer has been recently reviewed [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Since the widely used contrast agent, gadolinium, presents various side effects, we aimed to develop theranostic agents by doping CDs-NHF with ions that present lower toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese-Doped N-Hydroxyphthalimide-Derived Carbon Dots—Theranostics Applications in Experimental Breast Cancer Models

et al. 2021

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Background: Theranostics, a novel concept in medicine, is based on the use of an agent for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials provide promising novel approaches to theranostics. Carbon Dots have been shown to exhibit anti-tumoral properties in various cancer models. The aim of the present study is to develop gadolinium, Fe3+, and Mn2+-doped N-hydroxyphthalimide-derived Carbon Dots. The resulted doped Carbon Dots should preserve the anti-tumoral properties while gaining magnetic resonance imaging properties. Methods: Normal and cancer cell lines have been treated with doped Carbon Dots, and the cell viability has been measured. The doped Carbon Dots that exhibited the most prominent anti-tumoral effect accompanied by the lowest toxicity have been further in vivo tested. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluates both in vitro and in vivo the possibility of using doped Carbon Dots as a contrast agent. Results: According to the results obtained from both the in vitro and in vivo experimental models used in our study, Mn2+-doped Carbon Dots (Mn-CDs-NHF) exhibit anti-tumoral properties, do not significantly impair the cell viability of normal cells, and reduce lung metastasis and the volume of mammary primary tumors while allowing magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: Our findings prove that Mn-CDs-NHF can be used as theranostics agents in pre-clinical models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese-Doped N-Hydroxyphthalimide-Derived Carbon Dots—Theranostics Applications in Experimental Breast Cancer Models

et al. 2021

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“…It is vital to highlight that a special breed of doped nanoparticles (upconversion nanoparticles, UCNPs) with several gadolinium-based examples where the focus is given to improving fluorescence rather than MRI contrast are also actively researched and discussed elsewhere. [65] Polymer-Coated Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticle Contrast Agents: Nanoparticles of Gd 2 O 3 , [66] GdF 3 , [61] and gadolinium phosphate (GdPO 4 ) [67] where polymer coating has had a significant impact on their function as MRI contrast agents have also been explored. Their r 1 and r 2 values are generally higher than that of the chelates.…”

Section: Gadolinium-based Contrast Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is vital to highlight that a special breed of doped nanoparticles (upconversion nanoparticles, UCNPs) with several gadolinium‐based examples where the focus is given to improving fluorescence rather than MRI contrast are also actively researched and discussed elsewhere. [ 65 ]…”

Section: Metal‐based Mri Contrast Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Based Nanoparticle Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents: Classifications, Issues, and Countermeasures toward their Clinical Translation

Antwi-Baah

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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Over the years, several imaging techniques have been developed to improve alreadyexisting ones, thus, overcoming the obstacles that previous ones failed to overcome. Recently, much energy has been put into developing tools that complement the ability of the current imaging techniques. Imaging probe or contrast agent is one of the well-known tools in this category, which enhance the conspicuousness of images. Researchers have taken the opportunity to work tirelessly on developing imaging probes, which have gone a long way in attaining biological and functional image details of a biological system when used alongside existing imaging techniques. With the advantage of displaying a more detailed view for analyzing biological information and diagnosing diseases, imaging probes are undoubtedly a significant research field in biological and medical sciences.Molecular imaging, a term describing the visualization of specific molecules and molecular transformations that occur during disease activity in a living system using radiological and nuclear medicine, [2] has recently received enormous attention. A tissue or organ is diseased when it depicts characteristics that deviate from its normal functionality or organization. The diseased condition is stimulated by many biochemical processes involving internal and external stimuli from within the cell. Molecular imaging serves as a diagnostic tool for detecting abnormal disease molecules early because it can examine the biochemical adjustments as a normal tissue mutates into a diseased one. Representative imaging techniques include magnetic particle imaging (MPI), [3] positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and, ultrasound. [4] These imaging techniques are noninvasive diagnostic platforms that bridge the gap between molecular biology and molecular medicine. They allow examining a living organism to verify effects on multiple organ systems in vivo and help diagnose diseases at preclinical stages. These imaging techniques employ tracers or contrast agents to improve sensitivity. MPI is a tracer imaging modality that instantaneously quantifies the concentration and Metal-based nanoparticles, especially gadolinium, manganese, and iron, have gained ground in the research of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Over the years, contrast agents based on these paramagnetic and superparamagnetic nanomaterials have merited keen attention in the biomedical field due to their desired properties such as sizeable magnetic susceptibility, tunable size, easy surface functionalization, low toxicity, etc. Gadolinium-based chelates are the traditional MRI contrast agents in the clinic but require improved relaxivities and pharmacokinetics. Nanoparticles possess a larger surface area, demonstrate a longer retention time in the body, and allow the conjugation of several functional molecules to enhance tumor targeting, making them more advantageous. The pursuit o...

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“…Typically, this class of theranostics are designed through covalent conjugation of Gd-based MRI contrast agents to metal-based anticancer agents [ 124 ]. Reports on such bimetallic MRI-based theranostics are relatively fewer in number and mostly limited to in vitro proof-of-concept experiments.…”

Section: Mri-guided Theranosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and opportunities in the development of metal-based anticancer theranostic agents

2022

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Around 10 million fatalities were recorded worldwide in 2020 due to cancer and statistical projections estimate the number to increase by 60 % in 2040. With such a substantial rise in the global cancer burden, the disease will continue to impose a huge socio-economic burden on society. Currently, the most widely used clinical treatment modality is cytotoxic chemotherapy using platinum drugs which is used to treat variety of cancers. Despite its clinical success, critical challenges like resistance, off-target side effects and cancer variability often reduce its overall therapeutic efficiency. These challenges require faster diagnosis, simultaneous therapy and a more personalized approach towards cancer management. To this end, small-molecule ‘theranostic’ agents have presented a viable solution combining diagnosis and therapy into a single platform. In this review we present a summary of recent efforts in the design and optimization of metal-based small-molecule ‘theranostic’ anticancer agents. Importantly, we highlight the advantages of a theranostic candidate over the purely therapeutic or diagnostic agent in terms of evaluation of their biological properties.

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Gadolinium theranostics for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer

Abstract: Combining therapeutic and diagnostic tools into a single ‘theranostic’ platform lies at the forefront of cancer research. Some of the most promising theranostics exploit the unique nuclear and electronic properties of the lanthanoid metal gadolinium.

Cited by 47 publications

References 54 publications

Manganese-Doped N-Hydroxyphthalimide-Derived Carbon Dots—Theranostics Applications in Experimental Breast Cancer Models

Manganese-Doped N-Hydroxyphthalimide-Derived Carbon Dots—Theranostics Applications in Experimental Breast Cancer Models

Metal‐Based Nanoparticle Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents: Classifications, Issues, and Countermeasures toward their Clinical Translation

Challenges and opportunities in the development of metal-based anticancer theranostic agents

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