Abstract:Background: Theranostics, a novel concept in medicine, is based on the use of an agent for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials provide promising novel approaches to theranostics. Carbon Dots have been shown to exhibit anti-tumoral properties in various cancer models. The aim of the present study is to develop gadolinium, Fe3+, and Mn2+-doped N-hydroxyphthalimide-derived Carbon Dots. The resulted doped Carbon Dots should preserve the anti-tumoral properties while gaining magnetic resonance imagi… Show more
“…A good MRI signal may afford to confirm the targeting properties of MNP-P-FA1, which is in direct connection with longitudinal (T1) or transversal (T2) relaxation times. With the help of the Nucline software of the instrument, the longitudinal and transversal relaxivities, r1 and r2 , respectively, were calculated as the slope of the linear regression of R1 (1/T1) and R2 (1/T2) on the range of sample concentrations, similar to a previous study we have published [ 80 , 81 ]. The samples were prepared using the corresponding dispersions in PBS (pH 7.4) of MNP, MNP-P and MNP-P-FA1, by adding the calculated volume in 1% agarose (at 45 °C) to gain the concentration of Fe 3+ in the range of 0.01 ÷ 0.08 mM.…”
Targeted nanocarriers could reach new levels of drug delivery, bringing new tools for personalized medicine. It is known that cancer cells overexpress folate receptors on the cell surface compared to healthy cells, which could be used to create new nanocarriers with specific targeting moiety. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles can be guided under the influence of an external magnetic field in different areas of the body, allowing their precise localization. The main purpose of this paper was to decorate the surface of magnetic nanoparticles with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) by surface-initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) followed by covalent bonding of folic acid to side groups of the polymer to create a high specificity magnetic nanocarrier with increased internalization capacity in tumor cells. The biocompatibility of the nanocarriers was demonstrated by testing them on the NHDF cell line and folate-dependent internalization capacity was tested on three tumor cell lines: MCF-7, HeLa and HepG2. It has also been shown that a higher concentration of folic acid covalently bound to the polymer leads to a higher internalization in tumor cells compared to healthy cells. Last but not least, magnetic resonance imaging was used to highlight the magnetic properties of the functionalized nanoparticles obtained.
“…A good MRI signal may afford to confirm the targeting properties of MNP-P-FA1, which is in direct connection with longitudinal (T1) or transversal (T2) relaxation times. With the help of the Nucline software of the instrument, the longitudinal and transversal relaxivities, r1 and r2 , respectively, were calculated as the slope of the linear regression of R1 (1/T1) and R2 (1/T2) on the range of sample concentrations, similar to a previous study we have published [ 80 , 81 ]. The samples were prepared using the corresponding dispersions in PBS (pH 7.4) of MNP, MNP-P and MNP-P-FA1, by adding the calculated volume in 1% agarose (at 45 °C) to gain the concentration of Fe 3+ in the range of 0.01 ÷ 0.08 mM.…”
Targeted nanocarriers could reach new levels of drug delivery, bringing new tools for personalized medicine. It is known that cancer cells overexpress folate receptors on the cell surface compared to healthy cells, which could be used to create new nanocarriers with specific targeting moiety. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles can be guided under the influence of an external magnetic field in different areas of the body, allowing their precise localization. The main purpose of this paper was to decorate the surface of magnetic nanoparticles with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) by surface-initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) followed by covalent bonding of folic acid to side groups of the polymer to create a high specificity magnetic nanocarrier with increased internalization capacity in tumor cells. The biocompatibility of the nanocarriers was demonstrated by testing them on the NHDF cell line and folate-dependent internalization capacity was tested on three tumor cell lines: MCF-7, HeLa and HepG2. It has also been shown that a higher concentration of folic acid covalently bound to the polymer leads to a higher internalization in tumor cells compared to healthy cells. Last but not least, magnetic resonance imaging was used to highlight the magnetic properties of the functionalized nanoparticles obtained.
“…However, it has been reported [55] that even small amounts of CAs comparable to the relaxation time changes presented in this article, may provide good MRI contrast. Although there are several studies that have shown the biological compatibility and low toxicity of Mn-doped CDs [39,42,56], this is still a controversial issue requiring more research. Additionally, CAs less than 6 nm have been shown to be easily excreted by the kidneys and therefore can be administered intravenously, while larger particles are suitable for diagnoses of the gastrointestinal tract [47].…”
Section: Mr Performancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is seen that the signals in the 600-800 nm spectral region are almost the same, thus, the optical density in the 600-700 nm spectral region originates from absorption by CDs; Figure S6: Dependence of r1 and r2 relaxivities on the ratio of the peak 1 and peak 2 in Mn 2p 3/2 band areas taken from Table S3; Table S1: Synthesis conditions and composition of CDs; Table S2: Height distribution parameters of CDs from statistical analysis of AFM images; Table S3: Optical properties of CDs; Table S4: Deconvolution parameters for Mn 2p 3/2 band; Table S5: Characteristics of Mn-based contrast agents. References [28,39,[41][42][43][56][57][58][59][60][61] are cited in the Supplementary Materials.…”
Luminescent carbon nanodots (CDs) are a low-toxic nanomaterial with a tunable emission in a wide spectral range and with various functional groups on the surface. Therefore, CDs can prospectively serve as luminescent nanoprobes for biomedical applications, such as drug-delivery, visualization, sensing, etc. The doping of CDs with paramagnetic or transition metals allows the expansion of the range of applications of CDs and the fabrication of a multimodal nanoprobe for bioimaging. Here, we developed CDs doped with manganese (Mn) based on commonly used precursors—o-phenylenediamine or citric acid and formamide. The chemical structure, morphology, optical properties, and magnetic resonance responses have been carefully studied. The obtained CDs are up to 10 nm, with emissions observed in the 400–650 nm spectral region. CDs exhibit an ability to reduce both T1 and T2 relaxation times by up to 6.4% and 42.3%, respectively. The high relaxivity values suggest the use of CDs as promising dual-mode contrast agents for T1 and T2 MRI. Therefore, our developed CDs can be utilized as a new multifunctional nanoscale probe for photoluminescent and magnetic resonance bioimaging.
“…Magnetic CDs can be used as FL/MRI bimodal imaging probes in tumor diagnosis. , Shang et al prepared Gd-CDs with an emission wavelength of 614 nm and r 1 of 12.21 mM –1 s –1 for in vivo FL/MRI bimodal imaging . The T 1 images of tumor sites were brighter, and the fluorescence intensity was higher than that of normal tissues after the Gd-CDs injection in mice.…”
Section: Mechanisms Of Magnetic Cds
In Bimodal Diagnosis
and Treatmentmentioning
Theranostics technology that combines tumor diagnosis or monitoring with therapy is an important direction for the future development of tumor treatment. It takes advantage of efficiently observing tumor tissues, monitoring tumor treatment in real time, and significantly improving the cure efficiency. Magnetic carbon dots (CDs) are of wide interest as molecular imaging probes, drug carriers, photosensitizers, and radiosensitizers in the integration of tumor fluorescence/magnetic resonance bimodal diagnosis and treatment because of their small size, good optical stability, magnetic relaxation rate, and biocompatibility. This review first analyzes and compares the synthesis methods and physicochemical properties of magnetic CDs in recent years and then concludes their mechanism in tumor fluorescence/magnetic resonance bimodal imaging and therapy in details. Subsequently, the research progress of their application in tumor theranostics are summarized. Finally, the problems and challenges of magnetic CDs for development at this stage are prospected. This review provides new ideas for their controlled synthesis and application in efficient and precise therapy for tumors.
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