In Vivo Detection of Striatal Dopamine Release during Reward: A PET Study with [11C]Raclopride and a Single Dynamic Scan Approach

Pappatà, Sabina; Dehaene, Stanislas; Poline, Jean‐Baptiste; Grégoire, Marie‐Claude; Jobert, Antoinette; Delforge, Jacques; Frouin, Vincent; Bottlaender, Michel; Dollé, Frédéric; Giamberardino, L. Di; Syrota, A.

doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1121

Cited by 112 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Consumption of alcohol and cocaine also increase dopamine release in the VS (Boileau et al, 2003;Cox et al, 2009). Secondary rewards such as playing videogame and gambling may also increase dopamine release in parts of the striatum, albeit less consistently and robustly (Koepp et al, 1998;Pappata et al, 2002;Zald et al, 2004). Event-related FMRI enabled researchers to track changes in striatal activity during different phases of reward processing.…”

Section: Reward Processing In the Human Vsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reward Circuit: Linking Primate Anatomy and Human Imaging

Haber

Knutson

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

3,119

193

2,859

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Although cells in many brain regions respond to reward, the cortical-basal ganglia circuit is at the heart of the reward system. The key structures in this network are the anterior cingulate cortex, the orbital prefrontal cortex, the ventral striatum, the ventral pallidum, and the midbrain dopamine neurons. In addition, other structures, including the dorsal prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and lateral habenular nucleus, and specific brainstem structures such as the pedunculopontine nucleus, and the raphe nucleus, are key components in regulating the reward circuit. Connectivity between these areas forms a complex neural network that mediates different aspects of reward processing. Advances in neuroimaging techniques allow better spatial and temporal resolution. These studies now demonstrate that human functional and structural imaging results map increasingly close to primate anatomy.

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Section: Reward Processing In the Human Vsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reward Circuit: Linking Primate Anatomy and Human Imaging

Haber

Knutson

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

3,119

193

2,859

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“…PET and SPECT studies have detected NT release in response to pharmacological challenges, including amphetamine (e.g., Dewey et al, 1993;Innis et al, 1992;Laruelle et al, 1995;Mach et al, 1997), cocaine (Mach et al, 1997;Volkow et al, 1999), methylphenidate (Mach et al, 1997;Spencer et al, 2006;Volkow et al, 1999;Volkow et al, 1994) and other drugs, as well as behavioral challenges such as videogaming (Koepp et al, 1998), gambling and monetary reward (Pappata et al, 2002;Zald et al, 2004), and other tasks. In conventional PET analyses, NT release is detected by change in binding potential (BP: e.g., Logan et al, 1996;Logan et al, 1990), an index of the time-averaged decrease in receptor availability from baseline to activation condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conventional PET analyses, NT release is detected by change in binding potential (BP: e.g., Logan et al, 1996;Logan et al, 1990), an index of the time-averaged decrease in receptor availability from baseline to activation condition. Novel methods to detect changes in NT concentration have been proposed (Alpert et al, 2003;Aston et al, 2000;Friston et al, 1997;Pappata et al, 2002;Zhou et al, 2006), but these techniques, like change in BP, provide limited or no information about the timing of NT release. To recover potentially important variations in the timing of neurotransmitter fluctuations, we have developed neurotransmitter PET (ntPET), a modeling and parameter estimation method which characterizes the temporal profile of NT release by combining PET data from rest (constant NT) and activation (time-varying NT) conditions and fitting them simultaneously (Morris et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test the effects of activationinduced changes in tracer delivery, we analyzed simulations of NT release accompanied by blood flow changes and also simulations of flow changes alone. The precise nature of activation-induced alteration of tracer delivery and its impact on blood flow parameters (i.e., K 1 and k 2 ) remains unclear (Alpert et al, 2003;Logan et al, 1994;Pappata et al, 2002), so multiple scenarios were examined. Based on our results, we offer recommendations on the practical application of the ART and REF formulations of ntPET, including the conditions under which the REF method could serve as an acceptable substitute for the more demanding, but perhaps more accurate, ART method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating neurotransmitter kinetics with ntPET: A simulation study of temporal precision and effects of biased data

Normandin

Morris

2008

NeuroImage

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We recently introduced ntPET (neurotransmitter PET), an analysis technique which estimates the kinetics of stimulus-induced neurotransmitter (NT) release. Here, we evaluate two formulations of ntPET. The arterial (ART) approach measures the tracer input function (TIF) directly. The reference (REF) approach derives the TIF from reference region data. Arterial sampling is considered the gold standard in PET modeling but reference region approaches are preferred for reduced cost and complexity. If simulated PET data with unbiased TIFs were analyzed using ART or REF, temporal precision was better than three minutes provided NT concentration peaked less than 30 minutes into the scanning session. The consequences of biased TIFs or stimulus-induced changes in tracer delivery were also evaluated. ART TIFs were biased by the presence of uncorrected radiometabolites in the plasma whereas REF TIFs were biased by specific binding in the reference region. Simulated changes in tracer delivery emulated ethanol-induced blood flow alterations observed previously with PET (Volkow et al., 1988). ART performance deteriorated significantly if metabolites amounted to 50% of plasma radioactivity by 60 minutes. The accuracy and precision of REF were preserved even if the reference region contained 40% of the receptor density of the target region. Both methods were insensitive to blood flow alterations (proportional changes in K 1 and k 2 ). Our results suggest that PET data contain information -heretofore not extracted -about the timing of NT release. The REF formulation of ntPET proved to be robust to many plausible model violations and under most circumstances is an appropriate alternative to ART.

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“…A single scan design that uses the first portion of the curve after radiotracer injection for a baseline measurement and then a period of activation at a later point in the same scan has the advantage that it increases statistical power while reducing interscan variability 70,71 . Studies that investigated working memory demonstrated significant changes in [ 11 C]raclopride binding in the ventral striatum during a positively rewarding task 70 . The use of a finger-tapping motor task also showed decreases in [ 11 C]raclopride receptor availability in subregions of the putamen 72 .…”

Section: Types Of Challenges That Modulate Neurotransmission and mentioning

confidence: 99%