In vivo antimutagenic and antiatherogenic effects of the (1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-d- glucan botryosphaeran

Abstract

The antimutagenic effect of botryosphaeran, an exocellular (1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-d-glucan, from the ascomyceteous and plant-borne endophytic fungus, Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05, was evaluated in young (6-8 weeks) and elderly (18 months) Swiss albino mice of both genders. The hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and antiatherogenic potential was also evaluated in 18-month old male LDL receptor knockout (LDLr) mice. Administration of botryosphaeran by gavage (doses: 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg b.w./day) in a 30-day pretreatment protocol (young mice), or 15-day protocol (older mice), did not cause genotoxicity as assessed by the micronucleus test in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow cells (BMCs). Furthermore, there was no cytotoxic effect of this β-d-glucan in the treatments. A lower frequency of micronuclei was observed in BMCs from young and old mice that received botryosphaeran, indicating its antimutagenic effect. Botryosphaeran (30 mg/kg b.w./day) promoted 102.22% (young) and 103.45% (elderly) reductions in cyclophosphamide-induced damage in male mice. Botryosphaeran also exerted chemoprotective effects in LDLr and wild-type (C57BL/6) mice. Botryosphaeran treatment for 15 days at a dose of 30 mg/kg b.w./day improved the lipidic profile (reductions of 53.8-84.3%), and decreased aortic lipid deposition (32.8%) in the LDLr atherosclerotic mice. The results indicate botryosphaeran has relevant biologic effects, making it a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic agents.

Genoprotective Properties and Metabolites of β-Glucan-Rich Edible Mushrooms Following Their In Vitro Fermentation by Human Faecal Microbiota

“…To our knowledge, this is the first time that the genoprotective action of in vitro fermented edible mushrooms by faecal microbiota has been investigated. There is substantial experimental evidence supporting the genoprotective effect of mushrooms and β-glucans in vitro [17][18][19], in vivo [20][21][22] and in polypectomised patients [23] but there is no evidence of experimentation falling within the concept of fermentation by intestinal microbiota and subsequent production of genoprotective metabolites.…”

“…The link between the anticancer and immunomodulatory properties of mushrooms (and β-glucans) with their possible prebiotic activity on gut micro-organisms remains a central question and has been the subject of intense research over the last decade [16]. There is also evidence supporting the genoprotective effects of β-glucans in vitro [17][18][19], in vivo [20][21][22] and in polypectomised patients [23]. Nevertheless, the genoprotective properties of fungal polysaccharides are frequently attributed to their action as radical scavengers and not to their interaction with gut microbiota.…”

Antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and beneficial metabolic effects of botryosphaeran [(1→3)(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucan] are responsible for its anti‐tumour activity in experimental non‐obese and obese rats bearing Walker‐256 tumours

“…The animals from the CTB and OTB groups received treatment with botryosphaeran (30 mg/kg b.w., ~5 mL/rat/d) once daily via gavage over 15 days from the 9th to 11th week of the experiment. The dose was based on a previous study by our group 24 . The respective control groups (CT and OT) received physiological saline solution (0.9%, w/v) in an equal volume (~5 mL/rat/d).…”

“…The dose was based on a previous study by our group. 24 The respective control groups (CT and OT) received physiological saline solution (0.9%, w/v) in an equal volume ($5 mL/rat/d). After the 15th day of treatment, the animals were analysed.…”

An Insight into Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Polysaccharides from Natural Resources

“…The anti-hyperlipidemic activity of polysaccharides is also correlated with the type and position of glycosidic linkages. The main chain of lipid-lowering polysaccharides derived from edible fungi ( Pholiota nameko , Pleurotus ostreatus ) and non-edible fungi ( Botryosphaeria rhodiua MAMB-05) are generally β-1,3-glucan and contain a certain number of side chains linked by β-1,3-glucan [ 62 , 63 ]. Qiu et al [ 64 ] isolated a glucan LEP-1b with significant blood lipid-lowering activity from the extracellular polysaccharide of Lachnum YM281.…”