Antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and beneficial metabolic effects of botryosphaeran [(1→3)(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucan] are responsible for its anti‐tumour activity in experimental non‐obese and obese rats bearing Walker‐256 tumours

Abstract

Botryosphaeran, a (1!3)(1!6)-β-D-glucan, presents several beneficial activities, such as antiproliferative, hypoglycemic and antitumoural activities. This study evaluated the effects of botryosphaeran on oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic activities in Walker-256 tumour-bearing non-obese and obese rats. Wistars rats were divided into four groups: control tumour (CT); control tumour + botryosphaeran (CTB); obese tumour (OT), and obese tumour + botryosphaeran (OTB). In ninth week, obese and non-obese rats were inoculated with 1 Â 10 7 Walker-256 tumour cells and treated with botryosphaeran (30 mg/kg/d for 15 days). In 11th week, the following parameters were evaluated glycogen, glucose and lactate levels, pro-oxidant (TBARS) and antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase [SOD]; catalase [CAT]; glutathione-S-transferase [GST]; reduced glutathione [GSH]; vitamin C) and cytokines. Obesity presented oxidative stress and inflammation, as demonstrated by high levels of TBARS, SOD and TNF-α, and lower levels of CAT, GSH and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Botryosphaeran significantly decreased TBARS and TNF-α and increased GST, GSH, vitamin C and IL-10 in the liver; increased SOD and vitamin C in tumour tissue; decreased TBARS in adipose tissue, and notably decreased the levels of glycogen and lactate in the tumour of CTB rats. Botryosphaeran promoted significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and beneficial metabolic effects in Walker-256 tumour-bearing non-obese and obese rats, which contributed to its antitumour activity.

β‐Glucan attenuates cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 mice via regulating intestinal flora and its metabolites

“… 40 Yeast β‐glucan has a variety of biological effects, including anti‐inflammatory, immune regulation, and regulation of intestinal flora. 20 , 41 The function of β‐glucan is overall complicated. First, β‐glucan chelates copper ions to alleviate the symptom of AD.…”

“…Further studies demonstrate that yeast β‐glucan, the main component of yeast cell wall, is related to the progression of AD 40 . Yeast β‐glucan has a variety of biological effects, including anti‐inflammatory, immune regulation, and regulation of intestinal flora 20,41 . The function of β‐glucan is overall complicated.…”

“… 19 Another study found that the antioxidant activity of β‐glucan in barley increased with increasing molecular size. 20 These results indicate that the bioactivity of β‐glucan is closely related to its molecular size.…”

“…Wang et al showed that circulating total cholesterol in adults with mild hypercholesterolemia could be improved by high molecular weight β‐glucan rather than low molecular weight β‐glucan 19 . Another study found that the antioxidant activity of β‐glucan in barley increased with increasing molecular size 20 . These results indicate that the bioactivity of β‐glucan is closely related to its molecular size.…”

Extended treatment with (1→3)(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucan (Botryosphaeran) reduces obesity and its comorbidities in high‐fat/high‐sugar diet‐fed rats

“…12 This EPS consists of a main chain of D-glucose residues linked by β-(1→3) glucosidic bonds, containing approximately 22% side-branch residues at carbon 6, comprising glucose and gentiobiose, 12 and exists in a triple helix conformation. 13 Several studies have demonstrated the biological functions of Botryosphaeran, which have been summarized by Dekker et al 14 Among these functions are anticlastogenic activity, 15 antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity against breast cancer MCF-7 cells (in vitro), 16 hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in diabetic and hyperlipidemic Wistar rats, respectively, 17 anti-obesogenic effect, 10 antioxidant, 18 and antitumor activities in obese and nonobese rats bearing Walker-256 tumor. [19][20][21] These effects were observed in rats and mice on a 15-day period of treatment with Botryosphaeran.…”