In vivo and in vitro evaluation of flexible, cottonwool-like nanocomposites as bone substitute material for complex defects

Abstract

In vivo and in vitro evaluation of flexible, cottonwool-like nanocomposites as bone substitute material for complex defects AbstractThe easy clinical handling and applicability of biomaterials has become a focus of materials research due to rapidly increasing time and cost pressures in the public health sector. The present study assesses the in vitro and in vivo performance of a flexible, mouldable, cottonwool-like nanocomposite based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and amorphous tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/TCP 60:40). Immersion in simulated body fluid showed exceptional in vitro bioactivity for TCP-containing fibres (mass gain: 18%, 2 days, HAp deposition). Bone regeneration was quantitatively investigated by creating four circular non-critical-size calvarial defects in New Zealand White rabbits. The defects were filled with the easy applicable cottonwool-like PLGA/TCP fibres or PLGA alone. Porous bovine-derived mineral (Bio-Oss) was used as a positive control and cavities left empty served as a negative control. The area fraction of newly formed bone (4 weeks implantation) was significantly increased for TCP-containing fibres compared to pure PLGA (histological and micro-computed tomographic analysis). A spongiosa-like structure of the newly formed bone tissue was observed for PLGA/TCP nanocomposites, whereas Bio-Oss-treated defects afforded a solid cortical bone.-1-

Physicochemical Properties and Applications of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) for Use in Bone Regeneration

“…42 Promising results were shown for electrospun PLGA fibers when used in combination with calcium phosphate nanoparticles for enhanced bone tissue formation [43][44][45] and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to improve the mechanical properties 46,47 (Fig. 4).…”

“…Moreover, PLGA is most often used in combination other ceramic or polymeric materials that interact with PLGA, thereby enhancing the difficulty to draw unambiguous conclusions on the specific effects of physicochemical characteristics of PLGA on ultimate performance in bone regeneration. In this regard, it is important to notice that relevant information on, for example, polymer molecular weight, [30][31][32][33][34][35] stereochemistry, [31][32][33][34] or end-group functionalization, [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] are often missing, which complicates scientific progress even further.…”

Tissue Engineering In Vivo with Nanotechnology

“…Amorphous TCP has been shown to be very soluble and reactive due to a high enthalpy of formation [ 34 ] and bioactivity [ 35 ]. TCP/PLGA nanocomposites were transplanted into New Zealand white rabbits on the nasal and cranial bone and results showed newly formed bone after 4 weeks of implantation which was signifi cantly increased when compared to non-nanocomposite reinforced PLGA scaffolds [ 36 ].…”

Effect of Topical Honey on Mandibular Bone Defect Healing in Rats

“…10 Although small and noncritical sized bone defects do not necessitate bone grafts, their repair could be accelerated by intervention. [11][12][13] Honey is one of the oldest food resources for humans. In addition, it is known for its curing effect in the treatment of various medical diseases.…”