In Vitro Tissue Reconstruction Using Decellularized Pericardium Cultured with Cells for Ligament Regeneration

Abstract

Recent applications of decellularized tissues have included the ectopic use of their sheets and powders for three-dimensional (3D) tissue reconstruction. Decellularized tissues are fabricated with the desired functions to employ them to a target tissue. The aim of this study was to develop a 3D reconstruction method using a recellularized pericardium to overcome the difficulties in cell infiltration into tight and dense tissues, such as ligament and tendon tissues. Decellularized pericardial tissues were prepared using the high hydrostatic pressurization (HHP) and surfactant methods. The pericardium consisted of bundles of aligned fibers. The bundles were slightly disordered in the surfactant decellularization method compared to the HHP decellularization method. The mechanical properties of the pericardium were maintained after the HHP and surfactant decellularizations. The HHP-decellularized pericardium was rolled up into a cylindrical formation. Its mechanical behavior was similar to that of a porcine anterior cruciate ligament in tensile testing. NIH3T3, C2C12, and mesenchymal stem cells were adhered with elongation and alignment on the HHP- and surfactant-decellularized pericardia, with dependences on the cell type and decellularization method. When the recellularized pericardium was rolled up into a cylinder formation and cultured by hanging circulation for 2 days, the cylinder formation and cellular elongation and alignment were maintained on the decellularized pericardium, resulting in a layer structure of cells in a cross-section. According to these results, the 3D-reconstructed decellularized pericardium with cells has the potential to be an attractive alternative to living tissues, such as ligament and tendon tissues.

Advances Focusing on the Application of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix in Periodontal Regeneration

“…The porcine pericardium [ 49 , 50 ] is also a commonly used material for periodontal ligament regeneration, and Mika Suzuki et al [ 41 ] verified the important role of the decellularized pericardium in promoting periodontal ligament structural remodeling and promoted the gradient mineralization of the decellularized pericardial surface to promote the formation of ligamento-structure at the soft and hard tissue interface. Rabbit pericardial tissue [ 47 ] has been used to restore craniofacial bone defects, and the decellularized rabbit pericardial was believed to facilitate bone regeneration by inhibiting connective tissue invasion.…”

“…Since bone regeneration with a shallow periodontal pocket could provide adhesive sites for periodontium fibers and help limit the recession of soft tissue. However, more and more research is adopting a multiphasic structural scaffold with multiple chambers [ 28 , 49 , 86 , 93 , 94 , 95 ] in periodontal regeneration, aiming for the entire periodontal regeneration of C, P, and AB [ 96 ]. Most of the research claimed to regenerate entire periodontal tissue with harmonious tissue layers adopted a multi-phrasing scaffold combining bioactive molecules and physical signals [ 28 , 31 , 86 , 93 , 94 ].…”

Effect of multi arm-PEG-NHS (polyethylene glycol n-hydroxysuccinimide) branching on cell adhesion to modified decellularized bovine and porcine pericardium

“…The pericardium has strong mechanical properties, easy to handle large size and flat shape. The decellularized pericardium has been reported for use in many applications such as for ligaments 23 and tendons, 24 and is also expected to be effective as an anti-adhesion membrane. The enhanced cell growth on decellularized pericardium is an obstacle to directly applying it as an anti-adhesion material.…”

Investigation of anti-adhesion ability of 8-arm PEGNHS-modified porcine pericardium

“…Decellularized pericardium, especially when prepared using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), has been reported to preserve the extracellular matrix structure. Decellularized tissue exhibits favorable biocompatibility and induces a minimal immune response [23][24][25][26]. In recent research, we introduced the use of the pericardium as the primary material for anti-adhesion applications in heart surgery, achieved by transforming its surface properties from adhesive to anti-adhesive [27][28][29].…”