Advances Focusing on the Application of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix in Periodontal Regeneration

Abstract

The decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is capable of promoting stem cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and differentiation. It is a promising biomaterial for application and clinical translation in the field of periodontal tissue engineering as it most effectively preserves the complex array of ECM components as they are in native tissue, providing ideal cues for regeneration and repair of damaged periodontal tissue. dECMs of different origins have different advantages and characteristics in promoting the regeneration of periodontal tissue. dECM can be used directly or dissolved in liquid for better flowability. Multiple ways were developed to improve the mechanical strength of dECM, such as functionalized scaffolds with cells that harvest scaffold-supported dECM through decellularization or crosslinked soluble dECM that can form injectable hydrogels for periodontal tissue repair. dECM has found recent success in many periodontal regeneration and repair therapies. This review focuses on the repairing effect of dECM in periodontal tissue engineering, with variations in cell/tissue sources, and specifically discusses the future trend of periodontal regeneration and the future role of soluble dECM in entire periodontal tissue regeneration.

Advancing Dentistry through Bioprinting: Personalization of Oral Tissues

“…Despite the strides made in scaffold fabrication and their evident efficacy in guiding and supporting tissue regeneration, the availability of appropriate cell sources remains a critical factor for driving new tissue formation. Additionally, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a multitude of biological and mechanochemical cues necessary for stimulating cell growth and differentiation [127][128][129][130]. Notably, the cultivation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell spheroids within 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds has demonstrated enhanced migration ability compared to 2D monolayer cells.…”

Injectable Xenogeneic Dental Pulp Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Promotes Functional Dental Pulp Regeneration

“…The decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has demonstrated its capacity to preserve tissue-specific biochemical and physical cues, offering structural support, adhesion sites, growth factors, and the ability to guide cell migration, organization, and stem cell differentiation, rendering it an optimal source for regenerative scaffolds [23][24][25][26]. Particularly, dECM hydrogels retain vital extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, gel at physiologically relevant temperatures and pH levels, assuming a nanofibrous architecture.…”

Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: Present Status and Future Directions

“…Decellularized matrices retain native tissue architecture and signalling cues, promoting host cell infiltration and functional tissue restoration. Three-dimensional bioprinting technology enables precise deposition of cells and materials, offering personalized solutions for complex wounds (Liang et al 2023).…”