In Vitro Investigation of the Antibacterial Effect of Ketamine

Abstract

Background: Antibacterial activity of local anesthetics especially lidocaine has been shown previously. In this study, the antibacterial effect of ketamine, a general anesthetic agent was investigated. Methods:The antibacterial effect of ketamine was studied using six different strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Entecoccus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) with disc diffusion method. Ciprofloxacine discs (CIP, oxoid) were used as a control to verify the methodology. Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ketamine for these bacteria were also determined. Results: No inhibition was evident in discs containing 62.5 μg of ketamine. Ketamine 125 μg showed activity on all the bacteria tested with the exception of E. coli. The inhibition rates of Ketamine were more prominent at the doses of 250 μg and 500 μg similar to the inhibition rate of CIP.Whereas MIC and MBC values of ketamine for S. aureus and S. pyogenes were 500 μg mL

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of the Agents Used for Sedation in Intensive Care Unit In Vitro Method

“…Gocmen et al investigated the antimicrobial activity of ketamine on S.aureus, S.epidermidis, E.faecalis, S.pyogenes, S.aeruginosa and E.coli by using disc diffusion method. They determined that discs containing 500 and 250 μg of ketamine were as effective as ciprofloxacin and inhibited bacterial growth, discs containing 125 μg of ketamine had antimicrobial activity against other bacteria except for E.coli, and discs containing 6.25 μg of ketamine did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity (19). In this study, similar to our results, ketamine showed antimicrobial activity.…”

Antimicrobial effects of local anaesthetics

“…Although their antimicrobial mechanism of action has not been completely clarified yet, studies in recent decades have demonstrated that LAs have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial effects . It is reported that LAs inhibit the growth of live bacteria, reduce the membrane‐dependent enzymatic activity of living cells, cause lysis in protoplasts, change the membrane permeability, and lead to ultrastructural alterations; however, these findings have not been completely established …”

Psychotropics and the Microbiome: a Chamber of Secrets…

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