In vitro high frequency regeneration through apical shoot proliferation ofHemianthus callitrichoides ‘Cuba’ ‐ a multipurpose ornamental aquatic plant

Abstract

IntroductionAquatic plants are important living organisms in water environments that maintain oxygen levels, organic matter, and the feeding and breeding environments of other aquatic organisms (Cirik et al., 2011). The efficiency of any water body is determined by the amount of aquatic plants it contains as they are the primary and secondary producers of the ecosystem (Oyedeji and Abowei, 2012). Currently aquatic plants are gaining more popularity in traditional aquariums and water gardens (Maki and Galatowitsch, 2004). In the United States, water gardens are found in more than 16 million houses (http://www.ridnis.ucdavis.edu/ docs/hcrossonartcle..pdf). In European countries, aquatic plants are more popular and are imported from abroad for their ornamental and bioindicator features (Karatas et al., 2013). The aquarium industry is growing rapidly worldwide, including in Turkey, and most of the materials, especially plants, are imported from East Asia. The annual import bill of the aquarium industry approached 137.1 million euro in 2011 (http://www.eurofish.dk/images/ stories/files/Turkey/Cesme/3-HA.pdf).Aquatic plants are also used for phytoremediation because they have the ability to absorb heavy metals from polluted water bodies (Rai, 2009;Singh et al., 2012). They are also used to biomonitor (monitoring pollution) the aquatic environment (Zurayk et al., 2001). However, the use of aquatic plants for phytoremediation or as bioindicators in water bodies is confined by their limited availability.Hemianthus callitrichoides 'Cuba' , family Scrophulariaceae, is an ornamental aquatic plant and a native of the area east of Havana, Cuba. It is commonly known as "dwarf baby tears" or "HC" and was described in the literature for the first time in 2003 as a small rocky plant (Othman et al., 2014). H. callitrichoides has become an increasingly popular and attractive foreground plant of choice. This delicate, cushion-forming plant is best used between rocks or as a carpeting plant in aquariums. It is also well known for being used as decoration and an oxygen-producing plant in fish aquariums. It blooms white tiny flowers under favorable conditions, but the flowers are extremely small and easy to overlook. It is generally moderately to slow

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GIBBERELLIC ACID DOSES ON SEED YIELD, OIL CONTENT AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

“…Shoot meristem explant is very potent explant for in vitro shoot regeneration and used for for other aquatic plants like water hyssop (Karataş et al, 2013a and2016;Karataş and Aasim, 2014a), Hygrophila polysperma (Karataş et al, 2013b), Ceratophyllum demersum (Karataş et al, 2014a), Rotala rotundifolia (Karataş et al, 2014b), Limnophia aromatica (Karataş and Aasim, 2015a), and Lysimachia nummularia (Karataş and Aasim 2015b), Hemianthus callitrichoides (Barpete et al, 2015). Similarly, Aasim et al (2013) reported use of shoot meristem of water lettuce for in vitro propagation cultured on agar solidified or liquid medium supplemented with kinetin.…”

IN VİTRO DİRECT WHOLE PLANT REGENERATİON OF WATER LETTUCE (Pistia stratiotes L) USİNG THİDİAZURON

“…The study presents the use of shoot meristem explant for direct whole plant regeneration of water lettuse using TDZ as plant growth regulator in the culture medium. Shoot meristem explant is very potent explant for in vitro shoot regeneration and used for for other aquatic plants like water hyssop (Karataş et al, 2013a and2016;Karataş and Aasim, 2014a), Hygrophila polysperma (Karataş et al, 2013b), Ceratophyllum demersum (Karataş et al, 2014a), Rotala rotundifolia (Karataş et al, 2014b), Limnophia aromatica (Karataş and Aasim, 2015a), and Lysimachia nummularia (Karataş and Aasim 2015b), Hemianthus callitrichoides (Barpete et al, 2015). Similarly, Aasim et al (2013) reported use of shoot meristem of water lettuce for in vitro propagation cultured on agar solidified or liquid medium supplemented with kinetin.…”

Inducing osmotic stress leads to better genetic transformation efficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

“…MS medium was supplemented with activated charcoal in shoot and root induction medium. Activated charcoal may provide irreversible adsorption of inhibitory compounds in the culture medium and substantially decreases toxic metabolites, phenolic exudation, and brown exudates accumulation (Thomas et al, 2008;Barpete et al, 2015b).…”