In vitro evaluation of the effects of some plant essential oils on Ascosphaera apis , the causative agent of Chalkbrood disease

Abstract

is one of the major fungal pathogens of honey bee broods and the causative agent of Chalkbrood disease. The factors responsible for the pathogenesis of Chalkbrood disease are still not fully understood, and the increasing resistance of to commonly used antifungal agents necessitates a search for new agents to control this disease. The antifungal activities of 27 plant essential oils against two isolates of (Aksu-4 and Aksu-9) were evaluated. Out of the 27 plant essential oils tested, 21 were found to be effective in killing both isolates of. Based on their minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values, the effective oils were grouped into three categories: highly effective, moderately effective and minimally effective. Mountain pepper oil, Kala Bhangra oil, spearmint oil, babuna oil, betel leaf oil, carrot seed oil, cumin seed oil and clove bud oil were highly effective, with MBC values between 50.0 μg/mL and 600.0 μg/mL. Mountain pepper was the most effective essential oil, with an MBC value of 50.0 μg/mL. Citral and caryophyllene containing oils were the most effective with MIC 50 ppm. The essential oils tested exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against both strains of , and they may contain compounds that could play an important role in the treatment or prevention of Chalkbrood disease of honeybee.

Quality evaluation of Saudi honey harvested from the Asir province by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

“…It is considered a part of Apitherapy since early human and has recently been exercised in the medication of burns, gastrointestinal ailments, protracted wounds, asthma, ulcers, etc. because of its anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions ( Al-Ghamdi et al, 2020 , Al-Ghamdi et al, 2018 , Ansari et al, 2017c , Khan et al, 2019 , Küçük et al, 2007 , Subrahmanyam et al, 2001 ). Both zoological and clinical tests in several parts of the world revealed some very encouraging results regarding the remedial potential of honey ( Khan et al, 2017 , Küçük et al, 2007 , Nayik and Nanda, 2015 , Sajid et al, 2020 , Subrahmanyam et al, 2001 ).…”

Chemo-Diversity and Antiradical Potential of Twelve Matricaria chamomilla L. Populations from Iran: Proof of Ecological Effects

“…Several papers report sesquiterpenes as the most dominant constituent of M. chamomilla EO. Spathulenol (12.50%) [6], α-bisabolol oxide A (7.9–62.1%) [7,8,9,10], α-bisabolol oxide B (25.56%) [10], β-farnesene (52.73%) [11], ( E) -β-farnesene (42.59%) [12], β-cubebene (27.8%) [13], trans -β-farnesene [14,15], chamazulene (27.8–31.2%) [16], and α-bisabolol (56.9%) [17] were recently reported as the main EO compounds.…”

Antimicrobial potentials of medicinal plant’s extract and their derived silver nanoparticles: A focus on honey bee pathogen

“…Although honeybees possess many types of defenses against diseases, such as hygienic behavior or the production of anti-microbial substances, colonies still suffer from a number of diseases and pests (Martin, 2001, Simone-Finstrom et al, 2017). But they are threatened by various pathogens like Gut microflora and parasitic mites globally and this may lead to serious consequences (Ansari et al, 2017). Some of the important pathogens of Honey bees are Paenibacillus larva (Bacteria), Varroa destructor (mite) and Ascosphaera apis (Fungi).…”