Chemo-Diversity and Antiradical Potential of Twelve Matricaria chamomilla L. Populations from Iran: Proof of Ecological Effects

Abstract

Matricaria chamomilla L. is a popular medicinal herb that is used for healing various diseases and is widely distributed worldwide in temperate climate zones, and even in the subtropical climate of Southern and Western Iran. This study was aimed at comparing the volatile oil constituents, along with antiradical potential and HPLC analysis of methanolic extracts from twelve plant samples growing in Iran. The present research was carried out for the first time on these populations. Among seventeen identified volatile chemicals evaluated by GC/MS and GC/FID, representing 92.73–97.71% of the total oils, α-bisabolone oxide A (45.64–65.41%) was the major constituent, except in case of “Sarableh” as a new chemotype, where (E)- and (Z)-γ-bisabolene (42.76 and 40.08%, respectively) were the predominant components. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (53.31–74.52%) were the most abundant compounds in the samples excluding “Sarableh” with 91.3% sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. “Sarableh” also exerted the most potent antioxidant capacity with EC50 = 7.76 ± 0.3 µg/mL and 6.51 ± 0.63 mmol TE (Trolox® equivalents)/g. In addition, populations “Lali” and “Bagh Malek” contained the highest amounts of apigenin and luteolin with 1.19 ± 0.01 mg/g and 2.20 ± 0.0 mg/g of plant material, respectively. Our findings depict a clear correlation between phytochemical profiles and antiradical potential of M. chamomilla and geographical factors.

Variation of Chemical Constituents and Antiradical Capacity of Nine Ferulago angulata Populations from Iran

“…The abiotic factors highly influence on the variety of secondary metabolites, and biotic components remarkably influence the terpene biosynthesis and hence chemotypes. Moreover, other ecological factors (e. g., climatic, physiographic, and edaphic) may also be considered in chemotype variations . The voucher's codes, altitudes, slope facing directions and abbreviated names of the selected plant populations are listed in Table .…”

“…Moreover, other ecological factors (e. g., climatic, physiographic, and edaphic) may also be considered in chemotype variations. [27] The voucher's codes, altitudes, slope facing directions and abbreviated names of the selected plant populations are listed in Table 1.…”

“…GC analysis was carried out using the method published elsewhere by using a Shimadzu GC‐17A (Kyoto, Japan) coupled with FID detector and SGE™ BP5 capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm column, Trajan Scientific and Medical, Victoria, Australia). GC/MS analysis of the samples was carried out using a Finnigan TRACE gas chromatography (ThermoQuest Corp., Austin, TX, USA) instrument equipped with split inlet (split ratio of 100:1 mode) and using an Agilent DB‐5 fused silica column (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) (30 m×0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm) and 0.25 μm particle size (−60 to +320/340 °C).…”

Primary Screening of German Chamomile Oil as Insecticides, Baits, and Fumigants in Nanoformulations against the Health Pest Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)

“…In the present study, bisabolol oxide A and cis-áfarnesene were the major compounds present in the EO and NE. The concentrations of bisabolol oxide A and cis-á-farnesene reported in the previous literatures vary between (13 to 56%) and (4 to 21%), respectively, even in chamomile (Tolouee et al, 2010;del Carmen Romero et al, 2012;Raal et al, 2012;Formisano et al, 2015;Göger et al, 2018;Piri et al, 2019). The wide variation in the amount of bisaboloids (bisabolol oxide and bisabolol oxide B) could be attributed to growth conditions of the plant (Rafieiolhossaini et al, 2010) and/or the number of sunny hours (Gosztola et al, 2010).…”

Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Composition of Six Commercially Available Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Extracts: Potential Biological Implications

“…Chamomile has been reported to significantly block IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα-induced NO production and iNOS gene expression by inhibiting RelA/p65 activation [ 29 ] and to counteract H 2 O 2 -induced cellular damage by increasing activity of the transcription factor Nrf2, thus inducing the expression of several antioxidant enzymes, including NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase [ 30 ]. Nonetheless, what emerges is that available current information on chamomile chemical composition is incomplete and often discordant, especially with regard to concentrations of individual phenolic compounds, thus confirming biological properties of different chamomile extracts might strictly depend on the phytochemical profile [ 31 ].…”