In Vitro Elution and Antibacterial Activity of Clindamycin, Amikacin, and Vancomycin from R‐gel Polymer

Thomas, Leslie; Bizikova, Tatiana; Minihan, Anne C.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00861.x

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Use of an antimicrobial-impregnated gel is a viable alternative to the use of plaster of Paris and PMMA, and potentially allows greater clinical application because it is injectable. The gel is completely degraded and removed via hydrolysis within 4-5 weeks [19]. Since there is no prolonged residence, selection for bacterial resistance is reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elution of antimicrobials from a cross‐linked dextran gel:In vivoQuantification

Hart¹,

Barrett²,

Brown³

et al. 2012

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-linked dextran (CLD) gel (R-gel) a is biodegradable, biocompatible and suitable as a local antimicrobial delivery device [19]. The gel can be used prophylactically or to treat infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elution of antimicrobials from a cross‐linked dextran gel:In vivoQuantification

Hart¹,

Barrett²,

Brown³

et al. 2012

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…These antibiotics were also selected as they are commonly used to treat infections such as MRSA and have lower toxicity issues compared with other antibiotics (Edin et al 1996, Zilberman and Elsner 2008, Jackson et al 2009, Atilla et al 2010, Noel et al 2010, Rathbone et al 2011, Wenke and Guelcher 2011. While there is a potential for antagonistic, additive, or synergistic interactions when co-delivering two antibiotics, no change in activity for vancomycin or amikacin has been reported when co-delivered (Atilla et al 2010, Noel et al 2010, Thomas et al 2011, Sakamoto et al 2013. Potential effects of the composite scaffold on antibiotic activity will be examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elution of amikacin and vancomycin from a calcium sulfate/chitosan bone scaffold

Doty¹,

Courtney²,

Jennings³

et al. 2015

Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering

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Treatment of polymicrobial infected musculoskeletal defects continues to be a challenge in orthopaedics. This research investigated single and dual-delivery of two antibiotics, vancomycin and amikacin, targeting different classes of microorganism from a biodegradable calcium sulfate-chitosan-nHA microsphere composite scaffold. The addition of chitosan-nHA was included to provide additional structure for cellular attachment and as a secondary drug-loading device. All scaffolds exhibited an initial burst of antibiotics, but groups containing chitosan reduced the burst for amikacin at 1hr by 50%, and vancomycin by 14-25% over the first 2 days. Extended elution was present in groups containing chitosan; amikacin was above MIC (2-4 µg/mL, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) for 7-42 days and vancomycin was above MIC (0.5-1 μg/mL Staphylococcus aureus) for 42 days. The antibiotic activity of the eluates was tested against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The elution from the dual-loaded scaffold was most effective against S. aureus (bacteriostatic 34 days and bactericidal 27 days), compared to vancomycin-loaded scaffolds (bacteriostatic and bactericidal 14 days). The dual-and amikacin-loaded scaffolds were effective against P. aeruginosa, but eluates exhibited very short antibacterial properties; only 24 hours bacteriostatic and 1-5 hours bactericidal activity. For all groups, vancomycin recovery was near 100% whereas the amikacin recovery was 41%. In conclusion, in the presence of chitosan-nHA microspheres, the dual-antibiotic loaded scaffold was able to sustain an extended vancomycin elution longer than individually loaded scaffolds. The composite scaffold shows promise as a dual-drug delivery system for infected orthopaedic wounds and overcomes some deficits of other dual-delivery systems by extending the antibiotic release.

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“…Isocratic methods refer to the use of a single mobile phase composition for the entirety of analysis, whereas gradient methods refer to methods which utilize a changing composition through the process. Isocratic analysis has been considered quicker until recently, however gradient analysis allows higher throughput [4], better resolution [4], and separation of multiple compounds in a single sample [5]. For these reasons gradient analysis is often employed in analytical settings where applicable.…”

Section: Hplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this enhanced solubility, RP-HPLC is used with detection around 200 nm [9,10]. Clindamycin methods usually are performed isocratically [9,10], however, gradient methods are useful especially as clindamycin is often used in combination treatments [5].…”

Section: Clindamycinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Utilization of Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for a Series of Therapeutic Agents

Corbett¹

2013

Mod Chem Appl

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Capability to quantify drug release is vital in many areas of pharmaceutical research. Accurate, rapid and repeatable detection of pharmaceutical agents allows for comparisons between drug delivery constructs prior to in vivo studies as well as identification of therapeutic levels in samples both in vitro and in vivo. Perhaps the foremost scientific method for monitoring of therapeutics is High Performance Liquid Chromatography. This process allows for clear and simple quantification of therapeutic presence in a sample, with an inherent or induced chromophore, through the detection of bound specimen to the utilized column. Multiple drugs can be used through this process and exemplary methods are presented for the pharmaceutics; cefuroxime, clindamycin, dexamethasone, dicloxacillin, doxycycline, metronidazole, oxymetazoline, paclitaxel, tobramycin, and vancomycin. Each of these drugs is analyzed using Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography utilizing a hydrophobic column. Independent, repeatable methods are developed for each drug. Where necessary a pre-column derivatization is used to allow for visualization of otherwise undetectable tobramycin. In the case of each drug, a standard curve is presented to show the linearity of response for the proposed method within a range of absorbance. This work shows the ability to analyze multiple drugs with a single simple, quick, cost effective system and detection methods are evaluated for each drug with a R 2 value of greater than 0.99.

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In Vitro Elution and Antibacterial Activity of Clindamycin, Amikacin, and Vancomycin from R‐gel Polymer

Abstract: Amikacin and clindamycin together, or in combination with vancomycin, elute from R-gel(™) effectively and at gradually decreasing concentrations for at least 10 days. The antibiotics maintained their bioactivity following polymerization and elution from the R-gel(™) .

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Elution of antimicrobials from a cross‐linked dextran gel:In vivoQuantification

Elution of antimicrobials from a cross‐linked dextran gel:In vivoQuantification

Elution of amikacin and vancomycin from a calcium sulfate/chitosan bone scaffold

Development and Utilization of Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for a Series of Therapeutic Agents

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