In Vitro Dissolution of Respirable Aerosols of Industrial Uranium and Plutonium Mixed-oxide Nuclear Fuels

Eidson, Arthur F.; Mewhinney, J.A.

doi:10.1097/00004032-198312000-00001

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…These ingredients have acceleration or suppression effects on dissolution. Therefore, solubility measurement experiments using pseudo biological fluids have been performed to evaluate the solubility of many kinds of materials such as heavy metal compounds [8][9][10][11][12] , mineral dusts including asbestos substitutes [13][14][15][16] , soils 17) , radio active aerosols [18][19][20] and other low solubility materials [21][22][23] into biological fluid.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dissolution of Functional Materials and Rare Earth Oxides into Pseudo Alveolar Fluid

et al. 2006

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The dissolution rates of rare earth oxides and two types of rare earth containing functional materials into water, saline solution, and Gamble's fluid were measured in order to evaluate the biological effects of rare earth-containing functional materials. The tested materials were yttrium, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium oxides, and neodymium-boron-iron magnet alloy (NdBFe) and lanthanum-mish-metal-nickel-cobalt (LmNiCo) hydrogen-containing alloy. The dissolution rates of the rare earth oxides were very low, resulting in concentrations of rare earth elements in the test solutions of the order of ppb. In the most extreme case, Gamble's fluid dissolved 1,400 times more of the rare earth oxides than pure water. Fairly high concentration of neodymium were found in the dissolving fluids, which means that trace neodymium present as an impurity in each rare earth oxide dissolved preferentially. For yttrium oxide, the ratio of neodymium to yttrium that dissolved in the saline solution was greater than 78,000 to 1, taking into account the amount of each that was originally present in the yttrium oxide.

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Dissolution of Functional Materials and Rare Earth Oxides into Pseudo Alveolar Fluid

et al. 2006

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“…The pH of the solution was equal to 7.4 and the experimental arrangement was kept at room temperature (22°C up to 25°C). Variation in room temperature causes no effect on the dissolution rate (Eidson and Mewhinney 1981). 232 Th and 238 U concentrations in SLF were determined using a sequential analytical method and alpha spectrometry for the determination of these radionuclides.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution Factors of Ta, Th, and U Oxides Present in Pyrochlore

Cunha

Santos

Zouain

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Air pollution can be a problem in industrial processes, but monitoring and controling the aerosols in the work place is not enough to estimate the occupational risk due to dust particle inhalation. The solubility in lung fluid is considered to estimate this risk. The aim of this study is to determine in vitro specific dissolution parameters for thorium (Th), uranium (U), and tantalum (Ta) associated to crystal lattice of a niobium mineral (pyrochlore). Th, U, and Ta dissolution factors in vitro were obtained using the Gamble solution (simulant lung fluid, SLF), particle induced X-ray emission, and alpha spectrometry as analytical techniques. Ta, Th, and U are present in the pyrochlore crystal lattice as oxide; however, they have shown different dissolution parameters. The rapid dissolution fraction (f r ), rapid dissolution rate (λ r ), slow dissolution rate (f s ), and slow dissolution fraction (λ s ) measured for tantalum oxide were equal to 0.1 and 0.45 and 0.00007 day −1 , respectively. For uranium oxide, f r was equal to 0.05, λ r was equal to 1.1 day −1 , and λ s was equal to 0.000068 day −1 . For thorium oxide, f r was 0.025, λ r was 1.5 day −1 , and λ s was 0.000065 day −1 . These results show that chemical behavior of these three compounds in the SLF could not be represented by the same parameter. The ratio of uranium concentration in urine and feces samples from workers exposed to pyrochlore dust particle was determined. These values agree with the theoretical values of estimated uranium concentration using specific parameters for uranium oxide present in pyrochlore.

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“…The static in vitro dissolution test was used for determination of the solubility Moss 1979;Eidson and Mewhinney 1983;Dennis et al 1982;Cusbert et al 1994;Ansoborlo et al 1998), and the Simulant Lung Fluid (SLF) was the Gamble's solution (Gamble 1967;Ansoborlo et al 1990). …”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tantalum Dissolution Rate in Simulant Lung Fluid

Lima

Coelho

Dalia

et al. 2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The aim of this study is to determine the solubility rate of tantalum contained in pyrochlore, columbite-tantalite and columbite in simulant lung fluid. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), in its recommendation for limiting intakes of radionuclide by workers, has consistently recognized that the biological behavior of any specific material after incorporation can significantly diverge from model prevision. Model parameters should be adjusted to adapt the model for each specific substance material in order to estimate the dose due to this element intake. The most recent ICRP publication 66, respiratory tract dosimetry model, point out that information as data like particle size, aerosols solubility and the material chemical compounds are important parameters in the dose coefficients calculation. This paper studies the solubility in Simulant Lung Fluid (SLF) of Ta present in mineral dust particles. For this study 3 minerals were selected: pyrochlore, columbite-tantalite and columbite. Tantalum dissolution in vitro samples were obtained using the Gamble solution and PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) as analytical technique. In order to characterize the worker exposure to Ta bearing particles, one Brazilian niobium mine was selected. The mineral dust particles were collected using a sixstage cascade impactor and the elemental mass concentrations and the MMAD (Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter) were determined. Concentrations of radionuclides from natural series of thorium and uranium were also determined. The results show that the workers are exposed to Ta bearing particles in the respirable fraction of aerosols (aerodynamic diameter (d aer ) <2.5 μm) during the mineral processing to obtain Fe-Nb alloy. The solubility in Simulant Lung Fluid (SLF) of Ta present in mineral dust particles depends on the mineral characteristics. The solubility half-time varies between 34 and 62 h depending on the associated mineral.

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In Vitro Dissolution of Respirable Aerosols of Industrial Uranium and Plutonium Mixed-oxide Nuclear Fuels

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Dissolution of Functional Materials and Rare Earth Oxides into Pseudo Alveolar Fluid

Dissolution of Functional Materials and Rare Earth Oxides into Pseudo Alveolar Fluid

Dissolution Factors of Ta, Th, and U Oxides Present in Pyrochlore

Tantalum Dissolution Rate in Simulant Lung Fluid

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