In vitro degradation, haemolysis and cytotoxicity study of Mg‐0.4Ce/ZnO ₂ nanocomposites

Abstract

Magnesium is an ideal candidate for biodegradable implants, but the major concern is its uncontrollable degradation for application as a biomaterial. The in vitro corrosion and cytotoxicity of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 (magnesium nanocomposites) were studied to determine its suitability as a biodegradable material. The polycrystalline nature of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 was assessed using an optical microscope. The hydrophobic nature of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 was determined by contact angle measurements. The corrosion resistance of magnesium nanocomposites was tested in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and it was improved by the gradual deposition of a protective layer on its surface after 48 h. The cytotoxicity of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and calcium deposition by Alizarin red staining using sarcoma osteogenic (Saos2) cells. The haemocompatibility test of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 showed 30% haemolysis, which is higher than the safe value for biomaterials, and cell viability was reduced after 24 h in comparison with control groups. The calcium deposition by sarcoma osteogenic cells showed a brick red colour deposition in both the control group and Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 after 24 h. The preliminary degradation results of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 showed good corrosion resistance; however further improvement is needed in haemolysis and cytotoxicity studies for its use as a biodegradable material for orthopaedic applications. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Comparative study of the biocompatibility and corrosion behaviour of pure Mg,Mg Ni/Ti, and Mg 0.4Ce/ZnO2 nanocomposites for orthopaedic implant applications

“…Another report stated that ZnO nanoparticles in concentrations up to 20 mg/l have no adverse effect on HeLa cells [78]. Our previous findings demonstrated the results of the MTT assay for the Mg 0.4Ce/ZnO 2 surface appear to have a cytotoxicity effect after one day due to an increase in pH [71]. The % viability of Mg Ni/ Ti nanocomposite was found to be 136.18%.…”

“…From the third to the fourteenth day, the surface of pure Mg suffers from localized pitting corrosion. The protective film rupture mechanism dominated the cracking and further dissolving of the sample surfaces, and the pure Mg was more susceptible to cracking[71]. Figures4(e)-(h) show macroscopic pictures of corroded Mg Ni/Ti surfaces on days 3, 5, 7, and 14, respectively.…”

The Threat of Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria in the Feces of Bats

“…The hemolysis and cytotoxicity were calculated using the following formulas: hemolysis (%) = {[OD 540 (optical density at 540 nm) sample − OD 540 buffer]/[OD 540 max − OD 540 buffer]} × 100 and cytotoxicity (%) = (OD 490 sample − OD 490 negative control)/(OD 490 max − OD 490 buffer) × 100, calculated based on the average of replicates ( 86 ). Approximately 20% was regarded as the minimal hemolysis value compared to the positive control for hemolytic activity of FX-compounds ( 87 ), and because lactate dehydrogenase release over 20% has been used to evaluate the chemotherapy effect of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with platinum-based chemotherapy ( 88 ), 20% was listed as the cutoff for evaluating hemolysis and cytotoxicity in this study.…”

Enhancing Healing of Infected Wounds with Glycerin‐Modified Sodium Alginate/Silk Sericin Composite Film Functionalized with Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide‐Capped Silver Nanoparticles

“…[33] Hemolysis assays were performed as described by Prabakaran et al. [34] Defibrinated sheep blood (5 mL) was washed repeatedly with PBS until the supernatant no longer showed any red color. A 2 % (v/v) mixture of the red blood cell suspension was prepared in PBS.…”