Comparative study of the biocompatibility and corrosion behaviour of pure Mg,Mg Ni/Ti, and Mg 0.4Ce/ZnO₂ nanocomposites for orthopaedic implant applications

Abstract

Magnesium implants that are biocompatible and biodegradable are important for orthopaedic applications. Mg-based alloys and their corrosion behavior have been studied in vitro and in a few in vivo studies. However, depending on the composition and microstructure, Mg-based alloys display varied biocompatibility, degradability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. As a result, there is a critical need to create safe and cost-effective magnesium alloys for orthopaedic applications. The current investigation examined cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility, in vitro corrosion, and biomineralization of pure Mg, Mg Ni/Ti, and Mg 0.4Ce/ZnO2 nanocomposites to establish its suitability as a biodegradable material. The biodegradation behaviour of pure Mg and its nanocomposites were investigated using a phosphate buffer solution. The Cytotoxicity of pure Mg and its nanocomposites were assessed using MG 63 cells in MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays after 24 hrs. Biomineralization by MG 63 cells on pure Mg and its nanocomposites were analyzed using Alizarin red staining. The in vitro corrosion findings indicate more localized corrosion with rapid degradation on the surface of pure Mg and its nanocomposites. Pure Mg and its nanocomposites exhibited high hemolysis. The results of cytotoxicity showed high cell viability in pure Mg compared to its nanocomposites. According to the Alizarin red staining results, calcium was found to be deposited on the surface of Mg nanocomposites, and no calcium deposits on the pure Mg surface. The results of in vitro studies revealed that pure Mg and its nanocomposites responded differently in different tests. From these results, comparing Mg nanocomposites could be a more effective strategy to address the current challenges in orthopaedic implant applications.