Magnesium is an ideal candidate for biodegradable implants, but the major concern is its uncontrollable degradation for application as a biomaterial. The in vitro corrosion and cytotoxicity of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 (magnesium nanocomposites) were studied to determine its suitability as a biodegradable material. The polycrystalline nature of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 was assessed using an optical microscope. The hydrophobic nature of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 was determined by contact angle measurements. The corrosion resistance of magnesium nanocomposites was tested in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and it was improved by the gradual deposition of a protective layer on its surface after 48 h. The cytotoxicity of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and calcium deposition by Alizarin red staining using sarcoma osteogenic (Saos2) cells. The haemocompatibility test of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 showed 30% haemolysis, which is higher than the safe value for biomaterials, and cell viability was reduced after 24 h in comparison with control groups. The calcium deposition by sarcoma osteogenic cells showed a brick red colour deposition in both the control group and Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 after 24 h. The preliminary degradation results of Mg-0.4Ce/ZnO 2 showed good corrosion resistance; however further improvement is needed in haemolysis and cytotoxicity studies for its use as a biodegradable material for orthopaedic applications. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This study employed green chemistry to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using fresh root extract of Withania somnifera. The size, shape, morphology, and stability of resultant CuNPs were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectrophotometer. Crude extracts were assessed phytochemically to determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The UV-Vis absorption spectra show maximum absorption at 330 nm, and FTIR showed the presence of biological molecules responsible for reducing Cu+ ions. In TEM and EDS analyses, the average diameter of the synthesized NPs was found to be 6.28 ± 1.13 nm . The crystal structure of synthesized nanoparticle was determined using XRD analysis and showed its peak at 36.34°, 43.33°, 50.47°, and 73.57°, which corresponds to the cubic lattice of copper. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains E. coli and S. aureus by the agar well diffusion method which showed higher efficiency against S. aureus. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized NPs was evaluated by DPPH assay, and the percentage of inhibition was found to be 62% at the concentration of 400 μg/ml and the IC50 value was 51.53 μg/ml. The present investigation suggests that the biosynthesized CuNPs showed prominent antibacterial and free radical scavenging potential. The result proved that root extract of W. somnifera could be applied for synthesis of nanoparticle CuNPs with high uniform particle size along with potent biological activity.
Background and Objectives: The development in the technology have witnessed that there is a revival of interest in drug discovery from medicinal plants for treatment of the most destructive diseases. Our investigation characterizes the usage of digital image processing techniques in Matlab to process and analyze the antimicrobial effects of the selected herbal plants. Methods: The first stage of our investigation involves the extraction of components with methanol from the selected three herbal plants-Solanum xanthocarpum, Solanum nigrum and Helianthus annuus by using soxhlet apparatus. These plant extracts were assayed for antimicrobial activity against 4 different bacterial and fungal species using disk diffusion method. Results: Notable cell growth inhibitions were observed from the selected microbes. Solanum xanthocarpum exhibits better antibacterial properties on comparison to other two extracts.Solanum nigrum and Helianthus annuus exhibit better antifungal properties by being sensitive factor towards fungal medium. The obtained images were processed using color coding techniques to determine the activity of the extract by isolating the region of inhibition area. The region of inhibition was measured using matlab code and tabulation was compiled to compare the manually measured distances to the automated measurements. Conclusions:The results provided evidence that the studied plant extracts might indeed be potential sources of natural antimicrobial agents and the introduction of an evaluation technique using image processing was shown to be suitable for the purpose of accurate measurements of zone of inhibition.
The present study focuses on fabrication and characterisation of porous composite scaffold containing hydroxyapatite (HAP), chitosan, and gelatin with an average pore size of 250-1010 nm for improving wound repair and regeneration by Electrospinning method. From the results of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) study, the peaks correspond to crystallographic structure of HAP powder. The presence of functional group bonds of HAP powder, Chitosan and scaffold was studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology of the scaffold was observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Bioactivity of the Nano composite scaffolds was studied using simulated body fluid solution at 37 ± 1°C. The biodegradability test was studied using Tris-Buffer solution for the prepared nanocomposites [nano Chitosan, nano Chitosan gelatin, Nano based Hydroxyapatite Chitosan gelatin]. The cell migration and potential biocompatibility of nHAPchitosan-gelatin scaffold was assessed via wound scratch assay and were compared to povedeen as control. Cytocompatibility evaluation for Vero Cells using wound scratch assay showed that the fabricated porous nanocomposite scaffold possess higher cell proliferation and growth than that of povedeen. Thus, the study showed that the developed nanocomposite scaffolds are potential candidates for regenerating damaged cell tissue in wound healing process.
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