In vitro assessment of the acaricidal activity of Piper longum, Piper nigrum, and Zingiber officinale extracts against Hyalomma anatolicum ticks

Abstract

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a major constraint for the sustainable cattle industry in the tropical and subtropical regions including the Indian subcontinent. The development of resistance to most of the commonly used acaricides leads to an attempt to screen plant extracts and their combinations for their possible acaricidal activity to develop an eco-friendly tick control alternative. An alcoholic and various aqueous extracts of Piper longum, Piper nigrum and Zingiber officinale and their combinations were evaluated for acaricidal activity against the three-host ixodid tick, Hyalomma anatolicum by larval immersion test using 14-21 days old unfed larvae. The efficacy was assessed by measuring larval mortality (%) and the lethal concentrations for 50% (LC) and 95% (LC) with their 95% confidence limits (CL) values were estimated by applying regression equation analysis to the probit transformed data of mortality. A concentration-dependent mortality response was recorded in all extracts prepared from seeds of P. longum and P. nigrum and their combinations. The highest acaricidal property was exhibited by the alcoholic extract of P. longum seeds with the minimum LC and LC (95% CL) values of 0.071% (0.07-0.072) and 0.135% (0.13-0.14), respectively, followed by alcoholic combinations. Interestingly, no acaricidal activity was recorded in extracts prepared from the rhizome of Z. officinale. The results indicated that the ethanolic extracts of P. longum and P. nigrum and their combinations can be used effectively for tick control in an integrated format.

Acaricidal activity of Alstonia scholaris and Sida cordifolia leaf extracts against Hyalomma anatolicum ticks

“…Larval immersion test: For the evaluation of acaricidal activity of A. scholaris and S. cordifolia leaf extracts against 14-21 days old unfed larvae of H. anatolicum ticks LIT (Shaw 1966) was used with minor modifications as described by Singh et al (2017). For each concentration of extract, the test was repeated four times.…”

Proteogenomics Reveals how Metastatic Melanoma Modulates the Immune System to Allow Immune Evasion

“…In all the samples submitted to the analysis the sitespecific occupancy distribution was very similar. At least 50 % of the acetylated peptides identified in all samples, showed a stoichiometry of less than 15% (Figure S5), which is also highlighted after normalization of the data using probit transformation 64,65 (Figure 8C).…”

Assessment of acaricidal activity of nanoscale ZnO encapsulated piperine formulation against Rhipicephalus microplus

“…There are no earlier reports on the evaluation of the piperine against R. microplus . However, acaricidal activity of the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Piper longum and Piper nigrum against the three‐host ixodid tick, Hyalomma anatolicum by larval immersion test was evaluated [57]. The highest acaricidal property was exhibited by the alcoholic extract of P. longum seeds with the minimum LC 50 and LC 95 (95% CL) values of 0.07 and 0.13%.…”