In vitro antioxidant properties of mangosteen peel extract

Abstract

The growing interest in the replacement of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones has fostered research on the screening of plant-derived raw materials for identifying new antioxidants. The special attention of research today is focused on inexpensive or residual sources from agricultural industries. Fruit peels as sources of powerful natural antioxidants are often the waste parts of various fruits from consumption and food industry. Among the fruit peels, mangosteen peel is an important source of natural phenolic antioxidants. The mangosteen peel contains various bioactive substances, i.e., phenolic acids and flavonoids, which possess biological and medicinal properties, especially antioxidant properties. The aim of this review, after presenting analytical techniques for determining in vitro antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract, is to summarize available data on the factors affecting antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract. In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract, the bioactive compounds identified from mangosteen peel extract and their antioxidant activity are presented. Potential applications of the mangosteen peel extract in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products are also discussed.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Artemisia selengensis Turcz and its antioxidant and anticancer activities

“…DPPH radical scavenging activity measures the antioxidant capacity of donating hydrogen atom to eliminate the DPPH radical (Suttirak and Manurakchinakorn 2014). The sample of the polysaccharide was dissolved in de-ionized water to get a series of solutions with different concentrations (0.125-4 mg/mL).…”

Asymmetric dumbbell-shaped silver nanoparticles and spherical gold nanoparticles green-synthesized by mangosteen (<em>Garcinia mangostana</em>) pericarp waste extracts

“…7 Mangosteen has been used as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia and possesses biologically active compounds, including phenolic acids, xanthones, tannins, and anthocyannins. 7 Currently, mangosteen is popular as a botanical dietary supplement. Mangosteen has antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-HIV activities in vitro.…”

“…8 Mangosteen also exhibits central nervous system depressant, anti-inflammatory, and antiulcer activities in vivo. 8 Suttirak and Manurakchinakorn 7 reported that antioxidant activity of mangosteen pericarp extract is affected by several factors as follows: 1) during the maturation stage, young fruit pericarp has higher concentrations of total phenolics and total tannins, while mature fruit pericarp contains higher total flavonoid content; 2) in the extraction solvent, the antioxidant activity is dependent on the solvents that are used for extraction due to the different solvent polarities that result with different contents of compounds in the extracted material; and 3) in the material preparation, generally, mangosteen pericarp is subjected to a drying step, and the xanthone content and free radical scavenging activity are affected by drying methods, which cause either enzymatic or thermal degradation of xanthones.…”

“…One is the edible aril, and the other is the pericarp. 7 As a food source, people usually consume the aril part, whereas the pericarp is a waste. 7 In the present report, the methanol extract of mangosteen pericarp was utilized as a valuable reducing agent for the green synthesis of AuNPs (referred to hereafter as GM-AuNPs) and AgNPs (referred to hereafter as GMAgNPs).…”

“…7 As a food source, people usually consume the aril part, whereas the pericarp is a waste. 7 In the present report, the methanol extract of mangosteen pericarp was utilized as a valuable reducing agent for the green synthesis of AuNPs (referred to hereafter as GM-AuNPs) and AgNPs (referred to hereafter as GMAgNPs). Therefore, this synthetic strategy is totally green, eco-friendly, and sustainable for the following reasons: 1) during the synthetic process, no other chemicals were employed except the extract as a reducing agent; 2) the pericarp waste was utilized as a valuable reducing agent; and 3) water was used as a solvent instead of organic solvents during synthesis.…”