In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Nanoemulsion Containing Vegetable Extracts

Abstract

Oil/Water nanoemulsions were obtained, employing PEG castor oil derivatives/fatty esters surfactant, babassu oil, and purified water from a study based on phase diagrams. The nanoemulsions had been prepared by a low energy process inversion phase emulsion. Different parameters, such as order of addition of the components, temperature, stirring speed, and time, were studied to prepare O/W nanoemulsions. The influence of vegetable extract addition on size distribution of nanoemulsions was also analyzed. Evaluation of the nanoemulsions was studied in vitro by HET-CAM and RDB methods. Stable transparent bluish O/W babassu oil nanoemulsion were obtained with surfactant pair fatty ester/PEG-54 castor oil, in an HLB required value = 10.0 and with a particle droplet size of 46 ± 13 nm. Vegetable extract addition had not influenced nanoemulsion's stability. The results obtained for in vitro and in vivo nanoemulsion evaluation, based on the hydration and oiliness, and pH of the skin, shows O/W nanoemulsions as potential vehicle for topical application.

Polyglycerol Ester-Based Low Energy Nanoemulsions with Red Raspberry Seed Oil and Fruit Extracts: Formulation Development toward Effective In Vitro/In Vivo Bioperformance

“…Our findings are in line with a study by Heunemann et al [ 23 ] that reported phenoxyethanol as a very efficient cosurfactant for P4L in the nanoemulsion formation via the PIC method. In our study, raspberry fragrance oil also acted as a cosurfactant, which is a behavior observed for some essentials oils, due to their high content of phenolic and other alcoholic compounds that can be positioned at the oil-water interface [ 13 , 35 ]. These findings have a practical formulation value, since the role of preservative or fragrance in nanoemulsion formation and stability has been neglected in most research papers, despite the fact that additives are readily used in pharmaceutical/cosmetic industry.…”

“…The polyglycerol-ester based surfactants employed in our study are naturally-derived and considered biocompatible, but due to their relatively high amount in the formulation and the addition of cosurfactants, it was necessary to assess their safety profile [ 40 ]. It should be noted that there are no reports involving in vivo studies regarding polyglycerol ester-based nanoemulsions and only a few in vivo studies involving natural seed oils or extracts incorporated in nanocarriers [ 12 , 28 , 35 ]. Therefore, a well-designed in vivo study on human volunteers should provide additional information on the safety of nanoformulations and a valuable insight into their efficacy upon topical application.…”

Targeted Hybrid Nanocarriers as a System Enhancing the Skin Structure

“…So far, various nanoemulsions have been tested for their cosmetic use. Their use is to moisturize the skin [ 40 , 41 ], lighten discoloration [ 42 ], or reduce vascular lesions [ 7 ]. The formulation presented in this study has the potential to improve the condition of the skin and slow down the aging processes.…”

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Nanoemulgel formulated from Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. and Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Extracts in Rats

“…Small-sized droplets have greater surface area to facilitate penetration of actives substances into the skin. (19) Nanoemulsion may reduce Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL), indicating that the barrier function of the skin is strengthened 24 . The negative value of zeta potential came from the existence of anionic groups of fatty acids in the VCO, Tween 80 and -OH group of flavonoid contain (ex: quercetin).…”