In vitro and in vivo therapeutical efficiency of the staphylococcus phages and the effect of phage infectivity in well-mixed and spatial environment

Loganathan, Archana; Nachimuthu, Ramesh

doi:10.1007/s11756-022-01236-y

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Fig 1). Characteristic features of the phage, including its life cycle and time-kill analysis, have been reported previously [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A clinical S. aureus strain, SA-90, and phage vB_Sau_S90 used in this study were previously reported [29]. Bacterial isolate SA-90 was originally obtained from a diagnostic laboratory in Chennai, India [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacterial culture was maintained at 37 ℃. Phage vB_Sau_S90 was isolated from a hospital sewage sample [29]. Throughout the study, the DAOL was performed using soft agar of 0.45% (composition: LB broth: 25 g/L, bacteriological agar-agar: 0.45%).…”

Section: Bacteria Bacteriophage and Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously reported that phage vB_Sau_S90 was effective against 206 clinical isolates of S. aureus [29]. The current (preliminary) study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the phage in combination with four different antibiotics (fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, and vancomycin) and to identify the most effective treatment strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phage-Antibiotic Combination: An Effective Method for Eradication ofStaphylococcus aureus

Loganathan

Manohar

Nachimuthu

2023

Preprint

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Increasing antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat, especially in patients admitted to ICUs. The use of phages in combination with antibiotics as compassionate therapy has become a choice of treatment for pan-drug-resistant bacteria. Here, we studied the cumulative effect of phages with four antibiotics, fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and oxacillin using three different treatment orders againstS. aureus. The antibiotic disc synergy method showed that the plaque size of the phage increased in the subinhibitory antibiotic zone. The sub-inhibitory antibiotic amended in the agar media showed that the plaque size increased between 0.25 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL of antibiotics. It increases from 0.5 ± 0.1 mm (phage-alone control) to 4 ± 0.2 mm, 1.6 ± 0.1 mm, and 1.6 ± 0.4 mm with fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, and oxacillin, respectively. Checkerboard analysis showed that phages and antibiotics were synergistic with the FIC index of less than 0.5. So, phage-antibiotic combination treatment appeared to be effective. However, the highest efficiency was observed when the antibiotics were administered after phage treatment. A maximum of 39.4-, 39.4-, and 37.0-fold reduction relative to untreated bacterial culture was observed with fosfomycin, oxacillin, and ciprofloxacin. Vancomycin antibiotic had a least 14.7-fold reduction. Finally, our findings emphasize the potential benefits of phage-antibiotic combination therapy compared with phage-alone therapy to treatS. aureusinfections.

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“…Fig 1). Characteristic features of the phage, including its life cycle and time-kill analysis, have been reported previously [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacteria Bacteriophage and Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phage-Antibiotic Combination: An Effective Method for Eradication ofStaphylococcus aureus

Loganathan

Manohar

Nachimuthu

2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…A clinical S. aureus strain, SA-90 and SA-165 and their respective phage vB_Sau_S90 and vB_Sau_S165 used in this study were previously reported [12]. Bacterial isolate SA-90 and SA-165 was originally collected from a diagnostic laboratory in Chennai, India [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Phage and Antibiotic Combinations forStaphylococcus aureusBiofilm Eradication: Insights from the Wax Worm Model

Archana,

Manohar,

Bozdogan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundGalleria mellonella, an advantageous model organism, to investigate the therapeutic potential of bacteriophages. Employing theGalleria mellonella(waxworm) model, this study involved infecting the larvae with pathogenicStaphylococcus aureus, followed by combination treatment with staph phages; vB_Sau_Saa90 and vB_Sau_Saa165 at the concentrations of 107and 109PFU/mL and oxacillin, at 100 mg/kg. The treatment modalities were executed in three distinct orders: pre-phage treatment, simultaneous treatment, and post-phage treatment. Each treatment was administered at 90 min intervals. The health state index of the waxworms was monitored throughout the study.ResultsAmong the three treatment orders, both pre-phage treatment and post-antibiotic treatment exhibited the significant outcomes. The survival percentages ranged from 40% to 50%, 30% to 50%, and 50% to 70% across strong, moderate, and weak biofilm conditions. Notably, the phages vB_Sau_Saa90 and vB_Sau_Saa165 displayed remarkable effectiveness in combination with antibiotics. This successful synergy showcased the potential of combinatorial treatment in effectively addressing biofilm-related infections.ConclusionsThis study holds considerable significance as it underscores the suitability ofG. mellonellaas a model organism for exploring bacteriophage-based therapeutic approaches. The study’s findings shed light on the efficacy of combining bacteriophages and antibiotics to targetS. aureusbiofilm cells. The observed results in the waxworm model highlight a promising avenue for managing biofilm infections. However, the need for further validation through larger animal models is emphasized, as this could potentially pave the way for novel treatment strategies with broader clinical implications.

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Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review

Gopikrishnan,

Haryini,

2024

J Basic Microbiol

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In recent years, antibiotic therapy has encountered significant challenges due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistance among bacteria responsible for life‐threatening illnesses, creating uncertainty about the future management of infectious diseases. The escalation of antimicrobial resistance in the post‐COVID era compared to the pre‐COVID era has raised global concern. The prevalence of nosocomial‐related infections, especially outbreaks of drug‐resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, have been reported worldwide, with India being a notable hotspot for such occurrences. Various virulence factors and mutations characterize nosocomial infections involving S. aureus. The lack of proper alternative treatments leading to increased drug resistance emphasizes the need to investigate and examine recent research to combat future pandemics. In the current genomics era, the application of advanced technologies such as next‐generation sequencing (NGS), machine learning (ML), and quantum computing (QC) for genomic analysis and resistance prediction has significantly increased the pace of diagnosing drug‐resistant pathogens and insights into genetic intricacies. Despite prompt diagnosis, the elimination of drug‐resistant infections remains unattainable in the absence of effective alternative therapies. Researchers are exploring various alternative therapeutic approaches, including phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, photodynamic therapy, vaccines, host‐directed therapies, and more. The proposed review mainly focuses on the resistance journey of S. aureus over the past decade, detailing its resistance mechanisms, prevalence in the subcontinent, innovations in rapid diagnosis of the drug‐resistant strains, including the applicants of NGS and ML application along with QC, it helps to design alternative novel therapeutics approaches against S. aureus infection.

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In vitro and in vivo therapeutical efficiency of the staphylococcus phages and the effect of phage infectivity in well-mixed and spatial environment

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Phage-Antibiotic Combination: An Effective Method for Eradication ofStaphylococcus aureus

Phage-Antibiotic Combination: An Effective Method for Eradication ofStaphylococcus aureus

Evaluation of Phage and Antibiotic Combinations forStaphylococcus aureusBiofilm Eradication: Insights from the Wax Worm Model

Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review

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