In Vitro Activities of Ketoconazole, Econazole, Miconazole, and
            <i>Melaleuca alternifolia</i>
            (Tea Tree) Oil against
            <i>Malassezia</i>
            Species

Hammer, Katherine A.; Carson, Christine; Riley, Thomas V.

doi:10.1128/aac.44.2.467-469.2000

Cited by 73 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The differences between the methods did not allow a deep analysis of the results because the MIC test is highly dependent of factors such as the inoculum concentrations, chemical composition of the medium, pH, temperature, and incubation time (7,8,12,15,26). The results found in this work showed that it is possible to compare the degree of susceptibility to each antifungal drug but without comparing the MICs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Malassezia pachydermatis antifungal susceptibility using two different methods

Nascente

Nobre

Schuch

et al. 2003

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Malassezia pachydermatis is recognized as a normal inhabitant and an opportunistic pathogen of the external ear canal and skin of dogs and cats. In especial clinical conditions, and mainly in the cases of therapeutic failure related to external otitis and dermatitis complicated by this yeast, it is recommended test susceptibility to antifungal drugs. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of 44 isolates of M. pachydermatis from the external ear canal and skin of dogs and cats using two different in vitro antifungal susceptibility methods: the Etest® and the broth microdilution method. Thirty-five samples were tested using the Etest®, twenty-four samples were tested using the broth microdilution method and fifteen samples were tested using both tests. The antifungal agents used were ketoconazole (KTZ), fluconazole (FLZ) and itraconazole (ITZ). In the broth microdilution method the yeast was less susceptible to ITZ while KTZ had the strongest activity. On the other hand, the Etest® showed that M. pachydermatis was more susceptible to ITZ while the less active drug was FLZ. The simultaneous evaluation using both methods identified FLZ as the antifungal drug with the highest activity (64.3%), followed by KTZ (57.1%) and ITZ (28.6%). These results showed that there is an urgent need to standardize of the values considered as parameters for growth inhibition of this yeast so a simple and efficient method can be used routinely in the laboratory practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Malassezia pachydermatis antifungal susceptibility using two different methods

Nascente

Nobre

Schuch

et al. 2003

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…Some studies deal with the effectiveness versus Malassezia yeasts responsible for both canine [8] and human infections [9,10]. In veterinary medicine attention should be paid to otologic use of tea tree oil due to its toxicity after instillation into the ear [11], consequently the search for alternative products is recommended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimycotic Activity of Some Aromatic Plants Essential Oils Against Canine Isolates of Malassezia pachydermatis: An in vitro Assay

Pistelli¹,

Mancianti²,

Bertoli³

et al. 2012

TOMYCJ

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“…Gupta et al (13) reported that, for 95% (52 of 55) of strains tested for susceptibility to KTC, the MIC was Յ 0.03 g/ml (for only three strains the MIC was 0.125 g/ml). Hammer et al (14) studied the in vitro activity of KTC, econazole, and miconazole against 54 Malassezia isolates and observed that the most potent inhibitor in vitro was KTC (0.03 to 0.25 g/ml). These findings are similar to those of previous reports (9,16,28,29).…”

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Susceptibilities ofMalasseziaSpecies to a New Triazole, Albaconazole (UR-9825), and Other Antifungal Compounds

Garau

Pereiro

Palacio

2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro activity of the new triazole albaconazole (UR-9825) in comparison with those of flucytosine, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole against 70 strains of Malassezia spp. was determined by a microdilution method using a colorimetric indicator for metabolic activity. Albaconazole showed an in vitro profile similar to those of the different antifungals tested (MIC < 0.06 g/ml for all the strains).Yeasts of the genus Malassezia are part of the normal mycota of the skin of humans and other warm-blooded animals, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands (19). Malassezia species may also be etiological agents of skin disorders and, uncommonly, systemic infections (3, 6, 16, 24, 30).In 1997, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards approved a broth micro-and macrodilution method for susceptibility testing of yeasts with RPMI 1640 medium (NCCLS-M27A) (21). However, this document is not applicable to Malassezia species other than Malassezia pachydermatis, because these organisms do not grow without lipidic substances in the medium. Only a few systems for in vitro susceptibility testing of Malassezia species have been described. In addition to present measurements in solid media, several microdilution methods have been used, but the different liquid media used, such as modified Dixon (19,27) and LeemingNotman (15), are turbid; consequently, the visual and turbidimetric results are difficult to interpret. A liquid medium method has been observed to overcome the difficulties in growth reading if one uses a colorimetric indicator for metabolic activity (Alamar blue) (25). Recently, Nakamura et al. (20) described a new microdilution method based on the urease activity of Malassezia spp.Albaconazole (ABC) is a new systemic triazole under development by J. Uriach & Cia S.A. (Barcelona, Spain) with both potent and broad-spectrum antifungal activity, good pharmacokinetics, and excellent bioavailability. It has demonstrated good in vitro activities against pathogenic yeasts (23), dermatophytes (10), and some filamentous fungi (4), including Scedosporium prolificans (5). It has also been shown to be active in the treatment of systemic aspergillosis and candidiasis in experimental animal models (2).The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro activity of ABC with those of five antifungal drugs, namely, flucytosine (5FC), fluconazole (FLC), ketoconazole (KTC), itraconazole (ITC), and voriconazole (VRC), against 70 isolates of Malassezia, namely, M. furfur (n ϭ 24), M. pachydermatis (n ϭ 10), M. sympodialis (n ϭ 21), and M. slooffiae (n ϭ 15). M. furfur was obtained from human skin, that of neonates with long stays in intensive care units. M. pachydermatis and M. slooffiae were obtained from healthy and diseased ears of dogs and pigs, respectively. M. sympodialis was isolated from normal human skin. Susceptibility testing of the drugs was initially performed with M. restricta (n ϭ 1), M. obtusa (n ϭ 1), and M. globosa (n ϭ 24). However, we were unable to obtain MICs due to the ...

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In Vitro Activities of Ketoconazole, Econazole, Miconazole, and Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil against Malassezia Species

Cited by 73 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluation of Malassezia pachydermatis antifungal susceptibility using two different methods

Evaluation of Malassezia pachydermatis antifungal susceptibility using two different methods

Antimycotic Activity of Some Aromatic Plants Essential Oils Against Canine Isolates of Malassezia pachydermatis: An in vitro Assay

In Vitro Susceptibilities ofMalasseziaSpecies to a New Triazole, Albaconazole (UR-9825), and Other Antifungal Compounds

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